Nokea
Which of the ff vessels is often used for grafting?
- A. The basic and cephalic veins in the arm
- B. The internal mammary and internal thoracic arteries in the chest
- C. The saphenous vein in the leg
- D. The radial artery in the arm
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The internal mammary and internal thoracic arteries in the chest are often used for grafting in procedures such as coronary artery bypass surgery. These arteries have been found to have good long-term patency rates when used as grafts to bypass blocked coronary arteries. The internal mammary artery, in particular, is commonly used for this purpose due to its accessibility and long-term durability. The use of these arteries for grafting helps to improve blood flow to the heart muscle, relieving symptoms of coronary artery disease and reducing the risk of heart-related complications.
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A 12-month-old boy weighed 8 lb 2 oz at birth. What weight should the nurse expect him to be now?
- A. 16 lb 4 oz
- B. 20 lb 5 oz
- C. 24 lb 6 oz
- D. 32 lb 8 oz
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Infants typically triple their birth weight by 12 months. For an 8-lb infant, that would be approximately 24 lb.
The nurse must assess a 10-month-old infant. The infant is sitting on the father's lap and appears to be afraid of the nurse and of what might happen next. Which initial action by the nurse would be most appropriate?
- A. Initiate a game of peek-a-boo.
- B. Ask father to place the infant on the examination table.
- C. Undress the infant while he is still sitting on his father's lap.
- D. Talk softly to the infant while taking him from his father.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Talking softly to the infant while taking him from his father would be the most appropriate initial action by the nurse in this situation. This approach allows the nurse to maintain communication with the infant to provide comfort and minimize fear or anxiety. By using a gentle tone and reassuring words, the nurse can help establish a sense of safety for the infant as he is transitioned from his father's lap to the examination table. This gradual and supportive approach is likely to facilitate a smoother assessment process and help build trust with the infant and the family.
which of the following blood tests results is the most indicative of an improvement in rheumatic fever child?
- A. WBCS 11,000
- B. decrease ESR
- C. elevated ASOT
- D. hemoglobin 10 gm/dl.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) is a non-specific marker for inflammation and can be elevated in conditions like rheumatic fever. A decrease in ESR suggests a reduction in the inflammatory response in the body, indicating an improvement in the condition. While the other parameters (WBC count, ASOT, and hemoglobin level) may be affected in rheumatic fever, a decrease in ESR is a more direct indicator of improvement in the inflammatory process associated with the disease.
A 2-year-old child is being evaluated for a right flank mass; radiological appearance is consistent with rupture of Wilms tumor. The BEST therapeutic approach for this child is
- A. radiotherapy
- B. concomitant chemotherapy-radiotherapy
- C. another surgery
- D. observation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Concomitant chemotherapy and radiotherapy are essential to manage ruptured Wilms tumor and reduce the risk of dissemination.
The lowest fasting plasma glucose level suggestive of a diagnosis of diabetes is:
- A. 90mg/dl
- B. 126mg/dl
- C. 115mg/dl
- D. 180mg/dl
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A fasting plasma glucose level of 126mg/dl or higher is considered to be indicative of diabetes mellitus. This value represents the threshold for diagnosing diabetes based on fasting glucose levels according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. Fasting glucose levels between 100-125mg/dl indicate impaired fasting glucose, which is a precursor to diabetes. Therefore, a fasting plasma glucose level of 126mg/dl is the lowest level at which a diagnosis of diabetes can be suggested.