Nokea
Which of the following actions by Florence Nightingale demonstrates her role as an epidemiologist?
- A. She convinced other women to join her in giving nursing care to all the soldiers.
- B. She demonstrated that a safer environment resulted in decreased mortality rate.
- C. She obtained safe water and better food supplies and fought the lice and rats.
- D. She met with each soldier each evening to say goodnight, thereby giving psychological support.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because Florence Nightingale's action of convincing other women to join her in providing nursing care to soldiers demonstrates her role as an epidemiologist. Epidemiologists study patterns and causes of diseases in populations, and Nightingale recognized the importance of improving healthcare practices on a larger scale by mobilizing a group to address the health needs of a population. This action aligns with the core principles of epidemiology in identifying and addressing health issues at a community level.
Choice B is incorrect because demonstrating a safer environment resulting in decreased mortality rate pertains more to public health rather than epidemiology. Choice C is incorrect as obtaining safe water, better food supplies, and fighting lice and rats are related to public health and sanitation rather than epidemiology. Choice D is incorrect as providing psychological support to soldiers is a compassionate nursing action, but it does not specifically demonstrate epidemiological principles.
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A nurse wants to obtain information on the alternative methods of health care used by a 45-year-old female Hispanic client. Who would be the best person to ask about this?
- A. The husband of the client
- B. A community leader of the ethnic group
- C. The client herself
- D. The religious leader of the ethnic group
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: The client herself. The client is the best person to provide information on her own health practices as she is the one directly involved. Asking her ensures accuracy and respect for her autonomy. The other choices may not have accurate or relevant information about the client's health practices. The husband (A) may not be aware of all the client's health practices. A community leader (B) may not have personal knowledge of the client's specific health practices. The religious leader (D) may only provide information on religious practices, not alternative health methods.
Two women seem to agree on almost everything from favorite music to favorite media stars to the
- A. They are both members of the same birth cohort.
- B. They are close friends.
- C. They attended the same school.
- D. They both go the same church.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because being members of the same birth cohort means they were born in the same time period. This implies they likely grew up in the same cultural and societal influences, leading to similar preferences. B is incorrect as close friends may have different tastes. C and D are also incorrect as shared experiences at school or church do not guarantee alignment in preferences.
A nurse is developing a plan to decrease the number of premature deaths in the community. Which of
- A. Increase the communitys knowledge about hospice care.
- B. Promote healthy lifestyle behavior choices among the community members.
- C. Encourage employers to have wellness centers at each industrial site.
- D. Ensure timely and effective medical intervention and treatment for community members. - CORRECT
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: I'm sorry, but there seems to be a mistake in the question as the correct answer is not A. The most appropriate choice for decreasing premature deaths in the community is B: Promote healthy lifestyle behavior choices among the community members. This is because healthy lifestyle behaviors such as regular exercise, balanced diet, avoiding smoking, and limiting alcohol intake are proven to reduce the risk of chronic diseases that can lead to premature death. Option A, increasing knowledge about hospice care, is not directly related to preventing premature deaths but rather focuses on end-of-life care. Choices C and D are also important but do not address the root causes of premature deaths.
Which action is the nurse performing when they show a preference for members of their social identity group, leading to a more positive evaluation of individuals within their own group?
- A. Out-Group Homogeneity
- B. Confirmation Bias
- C. In-Group Favoritism
- D. Limited Interactions
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: In-Group Favoritism. This refers to the bias where a nurse favors individuals within their own social identity group, leading to a more positive evaluation of them. This behavior stems from a sense of loyalty, similarity, and shared identity with one's own group. In-group favoritism can influence decision-making, patient care, and teamwork within healthcare settings.
A: Out-Group Homogeneity is the tendency to perceive members of the out-group as more similar to each other than they really are.
B: Confirmation Bias is the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information that confirms one's pre-existing beliefs.
D: Limited Interactions do not directly describe the behavior of preferring individuals within one's social identity group.
A woman is sitting in a corner of the clinical waiting room, crying audibly. The nurse asks, "What's wrong? Can I help?" The woman responds, "They just told me I have a positive mammogram and I need to see my doctor for follow-up tests. I know I'm going to die of cancer. How can I tell my family?" Which of the following information does the nurse need to know in order to help the woman cope with this finding?
- A. The negative predictive value of mammography
- B. The positive predictive value of mammography
- C. The reliability of mammography
- D. The validity of mammography
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: The negative predictive value of mammography. The nurse needs this information to help the woman cope because it indicates the probability that a negative mammogram truly indicates the absence of breast cancer. Knowing this value can provide reassurance to the woman that a positive mammogram doesn't definitively mean she has cancer. The other choices are incorrect because: B (Positive predictive value) focuses on the likelihood of cancer if the test is positive, which may increase the woman's anxiety. C (Reliability) refers to the consistency of results, but it doesn't directly address the woman's concerns about her health. D (Validity) assesses how well a test measures what it is supposed to measure, but it doesn't offer immediate reassurance to the woman in this emotional moment.