Nokea
Which of the following approaches is most likely to address patients' and families' concerns about perceived racial disparities in clinical care and research?
- A. Emphasize that race has no bearing on health care
- B. Assure patients that all medications and treatments have established safety and efficacy in all race/ethnic groups
- C. Openly discuss established differences among race/ethnic groups related to treatment and areas where differences may exist but remain unknown
- D. Limit opportunities for patients to speak to family members and friends about their concerns
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Transparent discussion builds trust by acknowledging disparities.
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Police bring a patient to the emergency department after an automobile accident. The patient is ataxic with slurred speech and mild confusion. The blood alcohol level is 400 mg/dl (0.4 mg %). Considering the relationship between behavior and blood alcohol level, which conclusion can the nurse draw? The patient:
- A. rarely drinks alcohol.
- B. has a high tolerance to alcohol.
- C. has been treated with disulfiram (Antabuse).
- D. has recently ingested both alcohol and sedative drugs.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: the patient has a high tolerance to alcohol. At a blood alcohol level of 400 mg/dl, most individuals would exhibit severe symptoms such as unconsciousness or coma. However, this patient only shows mild symptoms of ataxia, slurred speech, and confusion, indicating a high tolerance to alcohol. This high tolerance suggests that the patient regularly consumes large amounts of alcohol, leading to an adaptation in the body's response to alcohol.
Choice A is incorrect because a blood alcohol level of 400 mg/dl is indicative of significant alcohol consumption, contradicting the statement that the patient rarely drinks alcohol. Choice C is incorrect as disulfiram is used to treat alcohol dependence, not tolerance. Choice D is incorrect since sedative drugs would exacerbate the effects of alcohol, causing more severe symptoms than what is observed in this case.
Which therapy reduces self-defeating in clients:
- A. Existential therapy
- B. Irrational emotive therapy
- C. Rational emotive therapy
- D. Cognitive therapy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT, Ellis) targets self-defeating beliefs to reduce negative outcomes.
Which individual has not met the criteria for involuntary commitment to a mental health facility?
- A. A teenager who has threatened to shoot himself if his girlfriend leaves him
- B. A young adult who is 20% below normal weight as a result of dramatically restricting food
- C. An older adult found wandering in the mall who is unable to provide his name
- D. An adult who reports that he drinks way too much in order to forget the abuse he's endured
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because excessive alcohol consumption, while harmful, does not inherently meet the criteria for involuntary commitment. Step 1: Involuntary commitment typically requires imminent danger to self or others. Step 2: While excessive alcohol consumption is concerning, it does not necessarily indicate immediate danger. Step 3: Choices A, B, and C all involve behaviors or conditions that pose a more immediate risk, such as threats of self-harm, severe physical health issues, or disorientation. Thus, D is the only option where the behavior does not meet the criteria for involuntary commitment.
In the Mental Health Gap Action Programme Intervention Guide, which of the following aspects is described in detail in the Guide?
- A. What to do.
- B. How to do.
- C. Why it is done.
- D. Pitfalls to avoid.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The mhGAP-IG provides detailed guidance on 'what to do' for managing priority conditions in primary care.
With growing age motivation reduces naturally
- A. Extrinsic
- B. Frequent
- C. Intrinsic
- D. Concentrated
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Intrinsic motivation declines with age due to priority shifts.