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Which of the following are examples of positive correlation?
- A. As rainfall increases, plant stem length decreases.
- B. As rainfall increases, roots show longer length.
- C. When plotting a comparison of rainfall to plant length, the line trends to the lower right.
- D. When plotting a comparison of rainfall to plant length, the line trends to the upper right.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Positive correlation indicates that as one variable increases, the other variable also increases. In this case, when plotting a comparison of rainfall to plant length, if the line trends to the upper right, it shows a positive correlation where as rainfall increases, plant length also increases. Choices A, B, and C show either no correlation or negative correlation, as they describe scenarios where the variables move in different or opposite directions.
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What is the role of the kidneys in the body?
- A. To regulate body temperature
- B. To filter waste from the blood
- C. To produce hormones
- D. To transport oxygen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To filter waste from the blood. The kidneys play a crucial role in filtering waste products and excess substances from the blood to form urine, which helps maintain fluid balance and eliminate toxins from the body. Choice A is incorrect because regulating body temperature is primarily controlled by the skin and other mechanisms. Choice C is incorrect as hormone production is mainly attributed to other organs like the endocrine glands. Choice D is incorrect as the transportation of oxygen is primarily facilitated by the lungs and circulatory system, not the kidneys.
Which blood type is known as the universal donor?
- A. Type A
- B. Type B
- C. Type AB
- D. Type O
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Type O blood is known as the universal donor because it lacks antigens on the surface of red blood cells. This characteristic makes it compatible with all blood types during transfusions. Type A, Type B, and Type AB blood types have specific antigens that can cause adverse reactions if transfused to an incompatible recipient.
What is the name of the long bone found in the upper arm?
- A. Femur
- B. Tibia
- C. Humerus
- D. Radius
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is the humerus. The humerus is the long bone located in the upper arm, between the shoulder and elbow. Option A, Femur, is incorrect as it is the long bone found in the thigh. Option B, Tibia, is incorrect as it is a long bone found in the lower leg. Option D, Radius, is incorrect as it is a bone located in the forearm, not the upper arm.
Which of the following is produced by Natural Killer Cells to create pores for target cell rupture?
- A. Interferon
- B. Apoptosis
- C. Perforin
- D. Antibody
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Perforin. Natural Killer cells release perforin, which forms pores in the membrane of target cells, leading to their lysis. Interferon (choice A) is a protein released by cells in response to viral infections, apoptosis (choice B) is programmed cell death, and antibodies (choice D) are produced by B cells to neutralize pathogens but are not directly involved in creating pores for cell rupture like perforin.
Which of the following is another name for the voice box?
- A. Alveoli
- B. Larynx
- C. Trachea
- D. Pharynx
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, 'Larynx.' The larynx is commonly referred to as the voice box because it plays a crucial role in sound production. It contains vocal cords and functions in speech and singing. Choice A, 'Alveoli,' are small air sacs in the lungs involved in gas exchange. Choice C, 'Trachea,' is the windpipe that connects the larynx to the bronchi. Choice D, 'Pharynx,' is the throat area located behind the mouth and nasal cavity, responsible for the passage of food and air.