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Which of the following are major premises of a quality-improvement program? Select all that apply.
- A. It focuses on organizational structure.
- B. It is driven by external factors.
- C. It focuses on processes rather than individuals.
- D. It has no end points.
- E. Its outcome is focused on assuring quality.
- F. It focuses on data and statistical thinking.
Correct Answer: C,D,F
Rationale: Quality-improvement programs emphasize processes (C), continuous improvement without endpoints (D), and data-driven decision-making (F).
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Why are quality-assurance programs important in nursing?
- A. They enable nursing to be accountable for the quality of care.
- B. They facilitate increased enrollment in educational programs.
- C. They specify how resources are used or not used.
- D. They allow increased retention of qualified nurses.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Quality-assurance programs ensure accountability for care quality, a core nursing responsibility.
A nurse is teaching a patient how to administer insulin, with the expected outcome that the patient will be able to self-administer the insulin injection. How would this outcome be evaluated?
- A. asking the patient to verbally repeat the steps of the injection
- B. asking the patient to demonstrate self-injection of insulin
- C. asking family members how much trouble the patient is having with injections
- D. asking the patient how comfortable he or she is with injections
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Demonstration of the skill (self-injection) directly evaluates the psychomotor outcome of insulin administration.
Which of the following best summarizes the evaluating step of the nursing process?
- A. The nurse completes a health assessment to establish a database.
- B. The patient and family have met healthcare goals and no longer need care.
- C. The nurse and patient identify nursing diagnoses and appropriate interventions.
- D. The nurse and patient measure achievement of planned outcomes of care.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Evaluation in the nursing process involves assessing whether the planned outcomes of care have been achieved, making option D the best summary.
What is the purpose of evaluation in the nursing process?
- A. to direct future nursing interventions
- B. to formulate a database of nursing diagnoses
- C. to complete an initial plan of care
- D. to transfer medical orders to the plan of care
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Evaluation determines the effectiveness of the care plan, guiding future interventions based on patient responses.
What is evaluated when conducting a nursing audit?
- A. physical environment
- B. policies and procedures
- C. patient records
- D. patient satisfaction
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A nursing audit reviews patient records to assess care quality and compliance with standards.