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Which of the following best describes epidemiology?
- A. The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations.
- B. The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations and the application of this study to control health problems.
- C. The study of how social factors influence health outcomes.
- D. The study of how health systems and services impact population health.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because epidemiology not only focuses on studying the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events but also emphasizes applying this knowledge to control health problems. Choice A is incorrect because it lacks the application aspect. Choice C is incorrect as it specifically mentions social factors, which is a narrower focus than epidemiology. Choice D is incorrect as it focuses solely on health systems and services, neglecting the broader scope of epidemiology. In summary, choice B aligns with the comprehensive nature of epidemiology by encompassing both study and application aspects.
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Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention?
- A. Vaccination
- B. Screening for cancer
- C. Physical therapy
- D. Health education
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tertiary prevention aims at reducing the impact of an already established disease. Physical therapy falls under tertiary prevention as it helps improve function and quality of life in individuals with existing health conditions. Vaccination (A) is an example of primary prevention, screening for cancer (B) is secondary prevention, and health education (D) can be part of primary or secondary prevention but not specific to tertiary prevention.
The classic definition of public health is:
- A. It is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
- B. It is the health of individuals and communities that are, to a large extent, affected by a combination of many factors.
- C. It refers to the overall health of individuals, families, and communities being influenced by various factors in the ecosystem.
- D. It is the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through organized community efforts for sanitation, disease control, and health education.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it provides a comprehensive and accurate definition of public health. It mentions key components such as preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through community efforts. It also includes essential public health activities like sanitation, disease control, and health education.
Explanation:
1. Preventing disease: Public health aims to prevent illnesses and promote well-being.
2. Prolonging life: Public health initiatives seek to increase life expectancy and quality of life.
3. Promoting health through community efforts: Collaborative community actions are crucial for improving public health.
4. Organized community efforts for sanitation, disease control, and health education: These are fundamental aspects of public health practice, making option D the most comprehensive and accurate definition.
Summary:
A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not encompass the breadth and specificity of public health activities and goals outlined in option D. Option A focuses on individual well-being rather than community efforts, while B and C are vague and lack
What is the fundamental block or foundation of the field health service information system?
- A. Family treatment record
- B. Target Client list
- C. Reporting forms
- D. Output record
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Target Client list. In a health service information system, the target client list is the fundamental block or foundation. It serves as a comprehensive database of individuals who are the focus of the services provided. It helps in identifying, tracking, and managing the health information of clients.
Family treatment record (A) is more specific and focuses on individual treatment within a family rather than the overall system foundation. Reporting forms (C) are tools for collecting data but not the foundational block. Output record (D) is a result of the system's processes, not the fundamental block. The target client list is essential for effective service delivery and resource allocation.
James' illness can be classified as:
- A. Pneumonia
- B. Very severe illness
- C. Severe pneumonia
- D. No pneumonia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct classification for James' illness is D: No pneumonia. This is because the question specifically states that James does not have pneumonia. Therefore, it is important to focus on the information provided in the question itself. Choices A, B, and C all suggest some form of pneumonia, which contradicts the information given. It is crucial to accurately interpret and address the details provided in the question to arrive at the correct answer.
Which of the following is NOT a principle of Primary Health Care?
- A. Health promotion
- B. Community participation
- C. Inter-sectoral collaboration
- D. Accessibility
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Accessibility is NOT a principle of Primary Health Care. Primary Health Care principles include health promotion, community participation, and inter-sectoral collaboration. Accessibility is related to the delivery of healthcare services but is not considered a core principle. Primary Health Care focuses on providing comprehensive, holistic, and equitable care to all individuals, emphasizing prevention, community involvement, and collaboration among different sectors. The other choices align with the core values and principles of Primary Health Care, making them incorrect options for this question.