NOTE: The instructor of a history class has just finished grading the essay exams from his students, and the results are not good. The essay exam was worth 70% of the final course score. The highest score in the class was a low B, and more than half of the class of 65 students failed the exam. In view of this, the instructor reconsiders his grading plan for the semester and sends out an email message to all students.
Which of the following best describes the instructor's purpose in writing this email to his students?
- A. to berate students for the poor scores they received on the recent essay exam
- B. to encourage students to continue working hard despite failure
- C. to give students the opportunity to make up the bad score and avoid failing the course
- D. to admit that the essay exam was likely too difficult for most students
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. The instructor's primary purpose in writing the email is to offer students the chance to make up the bad score they received on the recent essay exam, which was worth 70% of their final course score. The email does not berate students for their poor performance, nor does it admit that the exam was too difficult. While the instructor does offer encouragement to students who choose to complete an extra credit project, the main focus is on providing an opportunity to improve their scores and avoid failing the course.
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Tips for Eating Calcium Rich Foods Diary: Beverage - Include milk as a beverage at meals. * Consider choosing fat-free or low-fat milk. - Whole milk: consider a gradual shift to fat-free milk to lower saturated fat and calories. Start with reduced fat (2%), then low-fat (1%), and finally fat-free (skim). - Cappuccinos or lattes: ask for them with fat-free (skim) milk. Diary: Meals - Oatmeal and hot cereals: Try adding fat-free or low-fat milk instead of water - Use fat-free or low-fat milk when making condensed cream soups (e.g., cream of tomato) - Shredded low-fat cheese with casseroles, soups, stew, or vegetables - Fat-free or low-fat yogurt with a baked person Diary: Snack - Have fat-free or low-fat yogurt as a snack. * Make a dip for fruits or vegetable from yogurt. * Make fruit-yogurt smoothes in the blender. Diary: Dessert - Chocolate or butterscotch pudding with fat-free or low-fat milk. - Cut-up fruit with flavored yogurt for a quick dessert. Non-Diary Products: - Lactose Intolerance * Lactose-free alternatives within the milk group (e.g., cheese, yogurt, or lactose-free milk) * Consume the enzyme lactose before consuming milk products. - Personal choice to avoid diary: * Calcium fortified juices, cereals, breads, and soy or rice beverages * Canned fish (sardines, salmon with bones) soybeans and other soy products, some other dried beans, and some leafy greens.
The style of this passage is most like that found in a(n)
- A. tourist guidebook
- B. health textbook
- C. encyclopedia
- D. friendly letter
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The style of the given passage is most similar to that found in a health textbook. The author presents facts and details in a structured bulleted list format, focusing on providing tips and information about eating calcium-rich foods. This style is commonly used in educational materials related to health and nutrition, making choice B the most appropriate among the options provided.
Choice A, a tourist guidebook, is incorrect as the passage does not aim to guide or provide information about touristic locations. Choice C, an encyclopedia, is also incorrect as an encyclopedia typically provides comprehensive and in-depth information on various topics, which is not reflected in the passage. Choice D, a friendly letter, is incorrect as the passage does not contain personal or conversational elements that are characteristic of a friendly letter.
The Dewey Decimal System is a library classification system: 000 Computer science, 100 Philosophy and psychology, 200 Religion, 300 Social sciences, 400 Languages, 500 Science, 600 Technical science, 700 Arts, 800 Literature, 900 History.
Teddy has been assigned to write a history paper about the United States during the Cold War. What choice of three classes would likely be the most useful?
- A. 100, 300, 700
- B. 100, 300, 800
- C. 100, 400, 900
- D. 200, 300, 900
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Based on the Dewey Decimal System, which is a library classification system, the subjects related to Chomsky's work, which touches on philosophy, social sciences, and history, fall under classes 100, 400, and 900. Therefore, these classes would be the most useful for Teddy's history paper about the United States during the Cold War. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not include the specific classes related to the required subjects for Teddy's paper.
Eventually, his son King Charles II would be crowned, and this Charles is believed to have converted secretly to the Catholic Church. Charles II died without a legitimate heir, and his brother James ascended to the throne as King James II. James was recognized to be a practicing Catholic, and his commitment to Catholicism would prove to e his downfall. James's wife Mary Beatrice lost a number of children during their infancy, and when she became pregnant again in 1687 the public became concerned. If James had a son, that son would undoubtedly be raised a Catholic, and the English people would not stand for this. Mary gave birth to a son, but the story quickly circulated that the royal child had died and the child named James's heir was a foundling smuggled in. James, his wife, and his infant son were forced to flee; and James's Protestant daughter Mary was crowned the queen. In spite of a strong resemblance to the king, the young James was generally rejected among the English and the Lowland Scots, who referred to him as "the Pretender." But in the Highlands the Catholic princeling was welcomed. He inspired a group known as Jacobites, to reflect the Latin version of his name. His own son Charles, known affectionately as Bonnie Price Charlie, would eventually raise an army and attempt to recapture what he believed to be his throne. The movement was soundly defeated at the Battle of Culloden in 1746, and England and Scotland have remained ostensibly Protestant ever since.
Which of the following best describes the author's intent in the passage?
- A. to persuade
- B. to entertain
- C. to express feelings
- D. to inform
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The author's intent in the passage is to inform the reader about the historical events surrounding King James II, his family, and the succession of the English throne. The passage provides a detailed account of the lineage, religious affiliations, and the political implications of James II and his descendants. It does not aim to persuade, entertain, or express feelings, but rather presents a factual narrative of historical events. Therefore, choice D, 'to inform,' is the correct answer. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the passage is focused on presenting historical information rather than persuading, entertaining, or expressing emotions.
The area known as the Bermuda Triangle has become such a part of popular culture that it can be difficult to separate fact from fiction. The interest first began when five Navy planes vanished in 1945, officially resulting from "causes or reasons unknown." The explanations about other accidents in the Triangle range from the scientific to the supernatural. Researchers have never been able to find anything truly mysterious about what happens in the Bermuda Triangle, if there even is a Bermuda Triangle. What is more, one of the biggest challenges in considering the
phenomenon is deciding how much area actually represents the Bermuda Triangle. Most consider
the Triangle to stretch from Miami out to Puerto Rico and to include the island of Bermuda.
Others expand the area to include all of the Caribbean islands and to extend eastward as far as the
Azores, which are closer to Europe than they are to North America.
The problem with having a larger Bermuda Triangle is that it increases the odds of accidents.
There is near-constant travel, by ship and by plane, across the Atlantic, and accidents are expected
to occur. In fact, the Bermuda triangle happens to fall within one of the busiest navigational
regions in the world, and the reality of greater activity creates the possibility for more to go wrong.
Shipping records suggest that there is not a greater than average loss of vessels within the
Bermuda Triangle, and many researchers have argued that the reputation of the Triangle makes
any accidents seem out of the ordinary. In fact, most accidents fall within the expected margin of
error. The Increase in ships from East Asia no doubt contributes to an increase in accidents. And
as for the story of the Navy planes that disappeared within the Triangle, many researchers now
conclude that it was the result of mistakes on the part of the pilots who were flying into storm
clouds and simply got lost.
Which of the following sentences is most representative of a summary sentence for this passage?
- A. The problem with having a larger Bermuda Triangle is that it increases the odds of accidents.
- B. The area that is called the Bermuda Triangle happens to fall within one of the busiest navigational regions in the world, and the reality of greater activity creates the possibility for more to go wrong.
- C. One of the biggest challenges in considering the phenomenon is deciding how much area actually represents the Bermuda Triangle.
- D. Researchers have never been able to find anything truly mysterious about what happens in the Bermuda Triangle, if there even is a Bermuda Triangle.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. This sentence is the best summary statement for the entire passage because it succinctly captures the main idea of the author's discussion about the Bermuda Triangle. It highlights the lack of concrete evidence found by researchers regarding the mysterious occurrences in the Bermuda Triangle, effectively summarizing the overall tone and content of the passage. Choice A talks about the increased odds of accidents but does not capture the essence of the passage. Choice B discusses the navigational regions and the possibility of accidents, which is not the central theme of the passage. Choice C mentions the challenge of defining the Bermuda Triangle's area, which is a detail rather than a summary of the passage.
Starting in 1856, Alfred, Lord Tennyson began publishing his compilation of Arthurian legends that became known as Idylls of the King. these poems were based on the earlier medieval collection Le More of Arthur, by Sir Thomas Malory, which dated to the middle of the 15th century. Malory's work, which is believed to be largely a translation of older French stories, was written in prose style. It combine date earlier tales into a single grouping for English readers. As the title suggests, Malory's focus was largely on the epic nature of Arthur's life. Malory also included chapters on knights such as Lancelot and Gareth, and he discussed the relationships between Tristan and Isolde, and Lancelot and Guinevere. Instead of embracing the romance angle, however, Malory focused more on the moral elements within these stories. Tennyson, though heavily influenced by Malory, took a different approach to the Arthurian stories. For one, he wrote them in poetry form, not prose. Additionally, Tennyson, as a Victorian poet, was more interested in the romantic qualities of the stories, and included the distinct elements of nature and elegy. Idylls of the King has a softer focus overall. For Instance, in Malory's work, Guinevere faces execution for her adultery, and is only spared when Lancelot rides in to rescue her. In Tennyson's work, Arthur chooses to forgive Guinevere, and she chooses to spend the rest of her days doing good works in a convent. some literary scholars believe that Tennyson was writing an allegory about social problems and the need for social justice that existed during Tennyson's own time. Charles Dickens is remembered for doing the same thing in his novels about the abuses of lower-class children in Victorian England.
Which of the following sentences distracts the reader from the main focus of the passage?
- A. Malory's work, which is believed to be largely a translation of older French stories, was written in prose style.
- B. Instead of embracing the romance angle, however, Malory focused more on the moral elements within these stories.
- C. In Tennyson's work, Arthur chooses to forgive Guinevere, and she chooses to spend the rest of her days doing good works in a convent.
- D. Charles Dickens is remembered for doing the same thing in his novels about the abuses of lower-class children in Victorian England.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The focus of the passage is on Malory and Tennyson and their interpretations of the Arthurian legends. The mention of Charles Dickens in choice D is irrelevant and distracts the reader from the main discussion. While the other choices discuss Malory's prose style, his focus on moral elements, and Tennyson's approach to the Arthurian stories, choice D brings in a comparison to Charles Dickens and his novels about lower-class children in Victorian England. This mention of Dickens does not directly relate to the main theme of the passage, making it the correct answer as the distracting sentence.
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