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You might think the largest animal on earth is the blue whale, and you would be correct. Blue whales can reach can reach a length of 98 ft long can weigh as much as 198 tons. however, in the blue Mountains of eastern Oregon, there is an organism currently covering an area of 3 square miles and estimated to weigh at least 7 500 tons: the Armillaria ostayae fungus, Though A. ostoyae is found in other places, such as Michigan and Germany, only Oregon's fungus has grown to such an enormous size. The humongous fungus is estimated to be anywhere from 2000 to 8000 years old, and it continues to grow by 1 to 3 feet every year.
Which of the following best describes the theme of the report?
- A. Nature as beauty
- B. Extraordinary natural phenomena
- C. Humankind versus nature
- D. Hierarchy in nature
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The theme of the report is focused on the extraordinary natural phenomena, specifically highlighting the immense size and age of the Armillaria ostoyae fungus in Oregon. The report emphasizes the exceptional characteristics of this fungus, such as its massive size, estimated age, and continuous growth, showcasing it as an extraordinary natural phenomenon. Therefore, the most suitable choice that encapsulates the essence of the report is 'B: Extraordinary natural phenomena'.
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Few things bring back childhood memories for me like baking Toll House chocolate chip cookies. This cookie recipe has humble beginnings. Ruth Wakefield of the Toll House restaurant in Whitman, Massachusetts, created it. The recipe appeared in a 1938 cookbook written by Wakefield called Tried and True. A year later, Wakefield sold the recipe and the use of the Toll House name to Nestlé for one dollar, and the rest is history.
What is the main topic of this passage?
- A. The history of the Nestle company
- B. Childhood memories
- C. How to make money as a baker
- D. Ruth Wakefield's cookie recipe
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The main topic of the passage is Ruth Wakefield's cookie recipe. The passage discusses the origin of Toll House chocolate chip cookies, attributing it to Ruth Wakefield, who created the recipe. It also mentions her selling the recipe to Nestl©. While the passage briefly mentions Nestl©'s involvement, the primary focus is on the creation of the cookie recipe by Ruth Wakefield, making choice D the correct answer.
The clues in the sentence were so helpful, the reader was able to fathom the meaning of the word beyond a shadow of a doubt.
Which of the following is a synonym for 'fathom' as used in the sentence above?
- A. Consider
- B. Ascertain
- C. Sound
- D. Pronounce
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The word 'fathom' in the sentence implies understanding or comprehending deeply. 'Ascertain' is the appropriate synonym as it means to find out or determine with certainty, which aligns well with the idea of fully grasping the meaning of a word beyond doubt. Therefore, 'Ascertain' is the correct choice as it best reflects the depth of understanding conveyed by the word 'fathom' in the sentence.
What is all this talk of cicadas lately in the United States? You may be wondering why the media has featured it, but in fact, the discussion about Cicadas has emerged about as predictably as the Cicadas themselves from their underground refuge. Let’s get oriented with some background on Cicadas.
What is a Cicada? A typical definition will at least tell you that a cicada is a large, loud insect with transparent wings, mostly found in warm countries. A more detailed response might also inform you that cicadas have short antennae and wide-set eyes that jut out, with delicate, translucent wings- and not only is the cicada loud, but few creatures make a louder sound. In fact, it is male cicadas that are the noisy ones, to the tune of 80 to 100 decibels, which is like the roar od a loud engine. This is because male cicadas make a strident high buzzing by vibrating two membranes on its abdomen called tymbals, effectively turning its body into a kind of echo chamber or drum. Female cicadas cannot replicate the buzzing, though they respond with a clicking sound when they are ready to mate.
Although there are several species of cicada, mating typically takes place in trees whereafter the female deposits the eggs into the bark. When the eggs hatch, the larval cicadas, called nymphs, drop to the ground and burrow. They then live as nymphs for the most of their lives over 6 feet underground, with both male and female cicadas dying within weeks of their emergence from the soil. This is particularly true for north American cicadas, especially the Magicicada, or periodical cicadas, which regularly emerge in intervals of 13 or 17 years, depending on the species and the location. This is why talk of cicadas in the media is as predictable as their emergence in the U.S.
Which of the following statements from the passage offers evidence that female cicadas do not have tymbals attached to their abdomen?
- A. “ .. the female deposits the eggs into the bark.”
- B. “Female cicadas cannot replicate the buzzing…”
- C. “.. the cicada is a large, loud insect…”
- D. “…. The male cicada makes a strident, high buzzing by vibrating two membranes on its abdomen called tymbals…”
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The statement “Female cicadas cannot replicate the buzzing…” directly supports the claim that female cicadas do not have tymbals, which are necessary to produce the buzzing sound.
In 1932, the Australian government lost war against the native emu population. the operation that has since become known as great emu war began as an initiative to combat overpopulation of the crop-destroying birds invading farmland around Chandler and Walgooglan. The initial assault on the flightless avian began November 2 and lasted six days before the military personnel withdrew. efforts resumed on November 12, but by early December, the feathered foes had adopted guerrilla tactics against the targeted wheat fields, rendering military involvement largely ineffective. The Australian government declined further involvement with the ongoing conflict in 1934, 1943, and 1948, despite repeated pleas for assistance by the farmers in the area.
Which of the following statements is a logical conclusion based on this report?
- A. After losing the support of the Australian government, farmers engaged in guerrilla warfare to combat the emus in 1934, 1943, and 1948.
- B. From 1932 to 1948, the Australian government battled emus on behalf of farmers. After losing the Great Emu War in 1932.
- C. The Australian government provided limited military support to farmers in 1934, 1943, and 1948.
- D. Emus continued to destroy crops in the area through the 1930s and 1940s.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The report details the unsuccessful attempts by the Australian government to combat the emu population from 1932. Despite military involvement in the Great Emu War, the emus adapted guerrilla tactics, rendering the efforts largely ineffective. The government declined further involvement with the ongoing conflict in 1934, 1943, and 1948. Therefore, the logical conclusion based on this report is that emus continued to destroy crops in the area through the 1930s and 1940s, as there is no indication of successful eradication or control of the emu population during this period.
What really sets this species apart is how they reproduce. Mourning geckos are all female and reproduce through parthenogenesis, where the mother essentially clones herself to create her offspring. However, their genes have the ability to recombine to allow genetic variation and mutation. Like many other geckos, mourning geckos lay two eggs at a time several times a year. The eggs incubate for 65 to 103 days.
Which one of the following credentials would increase the author's credibility?
- A. A senior zoologist at a zoo in South America
- B. The head librarian at a nationally renowned university
- C. The editor of a prominent American newspaper
- D. A wildlife photographer for well-known nature periodicals
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In this context, discussing the reproduction of mourning geckos, a credential related to zoology and animal behavior, such as being a senior zoologist, would enhance the author's credibility. A zoologist specializing in animal behavior and reproduction would have the relevant expertise and knowledge to discuss the unique reproductive characteristics of mourning geckos. Librarians, editors, and wildlife photographers, while respectable professions, do not directly relate to the topic being discussed.