Nokea
Which of the following beta-blockers has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA)?
- A. Bisoprolol
- B. Timolol
- C. Pindolol
- D. Propanolol
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pindolol has ISA, partially stimulating beta receptors while blocking them, reducing bradycardia risk.
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Elimination after 4 half lives in first order kinetics is
- A. 84%
- B. 93%
- C. 80.50%
- D. 4.75%
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: After 4 half-lives, 93.75% (1 - 1/16) of the drug is eliminated in first-order kinetics.
The patient is taking a drug that affects the body by increasing cellular activity. Where does this drug work on the cell?
- A. Receptor sites
- B. Cell membrane
- C. Golgi body
- D. Endoplasmic reticulum
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Many drugs are thought to act at specific areas on cell membranes called receptor sites. After the receptor site is activated, this in turn activates the enzyme systems to produce certain effects, such as increased or decreased cellular activity, changes in cell membrane permeability, or alterations in cellular metabolism. Receptor sites are generally located on the outside of cells and allow the drug to bypass the cell membrane. The Golgi body and endoplasmic reticulum are not involved in this process.
Isotonic lactated Ringer's solution is indicated in all of the following conditions EXCEPT:
- A. Dehydration
- B. Liver diseases
- C. Acute blood loss
- D. Lower GIT fluid loss
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lactated Ringer's can exacerbate liver disease due to impaired lactate metabolism.
Food in the gastrointestinal tract affects drug absorption by:
- A. Altering the pH of the colon, which decreases absorption
- B. Competing with the drug for plasma proteins
- C. Altering gastric emptying time
- D. Altering the pH of urine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Food alters gastric emptying time, which can delay or enhance drug absorption depending on the drug's properties.
Which drug reference contains drug monographs that describe all drugs in a therapeutic class?
- A. Drug Facts and Comparisons
- B. Drug Interaction Facts
- C. Handbook on Injectable Drugs
- D. Martindale-The Complete Drug Reference
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Drug Facts and Comparisons contains drug monographs that describe all drugs in a therapeutic class. Monographs are formatted as tables to allow comparison of similar products, brand names, manufacturers, cost indices, and available dosage forms.