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Which of the following is the longest acting newer antihistamine:
- A. Mequitazine
- B. Loratidine
- C. Astemizole
- D. Terfenadine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Astemizole has the longest duration among listed antihistamines.
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Which of the following is a side effect of propylthiouracil?
- A. Agranulocytosis
- B. Arrhythmias
- C. Diabetes
- D. Hypertension
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Propylthiouracil can cause agranulocytosis, a severe reduction in white blood cells, as a serious side effect.
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving an intravenous (IV) infusion of an antineoplastic medication. During the infusion, the client complains of pain at the insertion site. During an inspection of the site, the nurse notes redness and swelling and that the rate of infusion of the medication has slowed. The nurse should take which appropriate action?
- A. Notify the registered nurse.
- B. Administer pain medication to reduce the discomfort.
- C. Apply ice and maintain the infusion rate, as prescribed.
- D. Elevate the extremity of the IV site, and slow the infusion.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When antineoplastic medications (Chemotherapeutic Agents) are administered via IV, great care must be taken to prevent the medication from escaping into the tissues surrounding the injection site, because pain, tissue damage, and necrosis can result. The nurse monitors for signs of extravasation, such as redness or swelling at the insertion site and a decreased infusion rate. If extravasation occurs, the registered nurse needs to be notified; he or she will then contact the health care provider.
What aspect of pharmacology does a nurse study? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Adverse and anticipated drug effects
- B. Molecular pharmacology
- C. Impact of drugs on the body
- D. The body's response to a drug
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nurses study pharmacology from a pharmacotherapeutic level, which includes the effect of drugs on the body, the body's response to drugs, and both expected and unexpected drug effects. Chemical and molecular pharmacology (Options A and B) are not included in nursing pharmacology courses.
Drugs mostly cross biological membranes by
- A. Passive diffusion
- B. Active diffusion
- C. Active transport
- D. Carrier mediated transport
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Most drugs cross membranes via passive diffusion based on concentration gradients.
A patient needs to receive 500 mL of IV fluid over 4 hours. The drop factor of the IV tubing is 15 gtt/mL. What is the flow rate in drops per minute?
- A. 31 gtt/min
- B. 42 gtt/min
- C. 62 gtt/min
- D. 75 gtt/min
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Flow rate = (500 mL 15 gtt/mL) ÷ (4 60) = 7,500 ÷ 240 = 31.25 gtt/min, rounded to 31 gtt/min.