Nokea
Which of the following bunyaviruses is not arthropod-borne?
- A. Phlebovirus
- B. Hantavirus
- C. Nairovirus
- D. Uukuvirus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hantavirus. Hantaviruses are not arthropod-borne, unlike the other choices. Hantaviruses are transmitted to humans primarily through contact with rodent urine, feces, or saliva. Phlebovirus (A), Nairovirus (C), and Uukuvirus (D) are all bunyaviruses that are transmitted by arthropod vectors such as mosquitoes or ticks. Therefore, Hantavirus is the correct answer as it is not transmitted by arthropods.
You may also like to solve these questions
In a compound light microscope the lens closest to the eye is the __________ lens.
- A. ocular
- B. objective
- C. condenser
- D. stage
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: ocular lens. The ocular lens is the lens closest to the eye in a compound light microscope. This lens is responsible for magnifying the image produced by the objective lens. It typically has a magnification power of 10x. The objective lens, choice B, is positioned closer to the specimen and provides the primary magnification of the image. The condenser, choice C, is located beneath the stage and helps focus light onto the specimen. The stage, choice D, is where the specimen is placed for observation. Therefore, the ocular lens is the correct choice as it is the lens closest to the eye and responsible for further magnifying the image.
Which of the following bacteria are capable of surviving in both aerobic and anaerobic environments?
- A. Obligate aerobes
- B. Facultative anaerobes
- C. Obligate anaerobes
- D. Microaerophiles
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Facultative anaerobes. Facultative anaerobes can survive in both aerobic and anaerobic environments. In aerobic conditions, they use oxygen for energy production, while in anaerobic conditions, they can switch to fermentation or anaerobic respiration.
A: Obligate aerobes require oxygen to survive and cannot survive in anaerobic environments.
C: Obligate anaerobes cannot survive in the presence of oxygen and only thrive in anaerobic conditions.
D: Microaerophiles require low levels of oxygen to survive and cannot thrive in fully aerobic or anaerobic conditions.
Influenza Viruses cannot be isolated in:
- A. Laboratory Animals
- B. Embryonated eggs
- C. Cell cultures
- D. Agar media
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Agar media. Influenza viruses cannot be isolated in agar media because they require specific conditions present in laboratory animals, embryonated eggs, or cell cultures for successful isolation and propagation. Agar media lack the necessary components and environment needed for influenza virus replication. In laboratory animals, such as mice, the viruses can replicate and cause infection. Embryonated eggs provide a suitable environment for influenza virus growth and isolation due to the presence of necessary nutrients and factors. Cell cultures offer controlled conditions for virus propagation and study, making them a valuable tool in influenza virus research.
Staphylococci and streptococci are best classified in the group of:
- A. gram-positive cocci
- B. gram-negative cocci
- C. spirochetes
- D. anaerobic gram-negative cocci
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: gram-positive cocci. Staphylococci and streptococci are both types of bacteria that have a thick layer of peptidoglycan in their cell walls, which retains the crystal violet stain in the Gram staining process, making them appear purple under a microscope, hence classified as gram-positive cocci.
Choice B: gram-negative cocci is incorrect as staphylococci and streptococci are not classified as gram-negative bacteria based on their cell wall structure.
Choice C: spirochetes is incorrect as spirochetes are spiral-shaped bacteria with unique motility mechanisms, distinct from the spherical shape of cocci.
Choice D: anaerobic gram-negative cocci is incorrect as staphylococci and streptococci are not classified as anaerobic bacteria and do not have the typical characteristics of gram-negative cocci.
Healthcare–associated infections are also known as:
- A. incidental infections
- B. accidental infections
- C. nosocomial infections
- D. secondary infections
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: nosocomial infections. Nosocomial infections are infections acquired in healthcare settings. This term specifically refers to infections that occur during the course of receiving medical treatment. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: Incidental infections do not necessarily occur in healthcare settings.
B: Accidental infections is not a commonly used term in healthcare for infections acquired in healthcare settings.
D: Secondary infections refer to infections that occur as a result of a primary infection, not specifically related to healthcare settings.