Nokea
Which of the following cell parts are present in plant cells but not animal cells (there may be more than one answer):
- A. Cell membrane
- B. Cell wall
- C. Ribosome
- D. Chloroplast
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'D - Chloroplast' because it is a unique cell part found only in plant cells and is responsible for photosynthesis. Animal cells do not possess chloroplasts. Both plant and animal cells have cell membranes, which are essential for cellular function. The cell wall is a structural component specific to plant cells, providing support and protection. Ribosomes, responsible for protein synthesis, are organelles present in both plant and animal cells.
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The cellular membrane consists of a bilayer of which substances?
- A. Nucleic acids
- B. Phospholipids
- C. Proteins
- D. Carbohydrates
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The cellular membrane is primarily composed of a phospholipid bilayer, forming the structure that regulates entry and exit.
Which of the following structures is not directly involved in translation?
- A. tRNA
- B. mRNA
- C. ribosome
- D. DNA
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Translation is the process of protein synthesis where mRNA is decoded to produce a specific polypeptide chain. tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome, and the ribosome is the site where translation occurs. DNA is not directly involved in translation; instead, it serves as the genetic material that stores the instructions for protein synthesis but does not play a direct role in the protein synthesis machinery.
Cells reproduce by different processes, all of which fall into what two categories?
- A. Sexual reproduction and binary fission
- B. Sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction
- C. Asexual reproduction and binary fission
- D. Asexual reproduction and mitosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cells can reproduce through sexual reproduction, involving the fusion of gametes, and asexual reproduction, which does not involve the fusion of gametes. Binary fission is a specific type of asexual reproduction where a cell divides into two identical cells. Therefore, the correct answer is B as it encompasses the broad categories of cellular reproduction processes, covering both sexual and asexual reproduction.
A scientist needs 12 mL of a solution. They have a bottle with 0.12L in it. Do they have enough?
- A. Yes, they have exactly what they need
- B. Yes, they have more than what they need
- C. No, they do not have enough
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: To accurately compare the quantities, it is important to convert both to the same unit. As 1L is equal to 1000 mL, the bottle contains 120 mL (0.12L x 1000 mL/L). Since the scientist only needs 12 mL, it is evident that they have more than enough solution in the bottle, making choice B the correct answer.
Which of the following statements is not true about enzymes?
- A. They catalyze reactions
- B. They raise the activation energy needed
- C. They have an active site
- D. They are typically proteins
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Enzymes function by lowering the activation energy required for a reaction to occur, not by raising it. This catalytic property allows enzymes to accelerate reactions without being consumed in the process. Enzymes are biological catalysts that are typically proteins and have specific active sites where substrates bind and reactions take place. The statement that enzymes raise the activation energy needed is incorrect as their role is to lower this energy barrier. Therefore, the correct answer is B.