Nokea
Which of the following is a protein?
- A. cellulose
- B. hemoglobin
- C. estrogen
- D. ATP
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hemoglobin is the correct answer as it is a protein. Proteins are large, complex molecules composed of amino acids that are essential for various structural and functional roles in the body. Hemoglobin, specifically, is a protein found in red blood cells and is responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to different parts of the body, highlighting its crucial role in oxygen transportation.
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Which cell component is responsible for protection, communication, and regulating the passage of substances into and out of the cell?
- A. Nucleus
- B. Cell membrane
- C. Endoplasmic reticulum
- D. Cytoplasm
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The cell membrane is responsible for protecting the cell, facilitating communication with other cells, and regulating the passage of substances into and out of the cell. It acts as a barrier that controls the movement of molecules, ions, and other substances, maintaining the cell's internal environment and enabling cellular interactions with the external environment. The nucleus contains genetic material and is not primarily involved in protection, communication, or regulating the passage of substances. The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism. The cytoplasm is a gel-like substance that fills the cell and is not directly responsible for protection, communication, or regulating substance passage.
Which of the following structures is not directly involved in translation?
- A. tRNA
- B. mRNA
- C. ribosome
- D. DNA
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Translation is the process of protein synthesis where mRNA is decoded to produce a specific polypeptide chain. tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome, and the ribosome is the site where translation occurs. DNA is not directly involved in translation; instead, it serves as the genetic material that stores the instructions for protein synthesis but does not play a direct role in the protein synthesis machinery.
What's the first step in the process of respiration?
- A. Fermentation.
- B. Glycolysis.
- C. Krebs cycle.
- D. Electron transport chain.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
In binomial nomenclature, what is the second part of an organismÄ€™s scientific name?
- A. species
- B. phylum
- C. population
- D. kingdom
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In binomial nomenclature, the scientific name of an organism consists of two parts: the genus name (first part) and the species name (second part). The second part, 'species,' helps differentiate between different organisms within the same genus. This specific naming system is critical for accurate identification and classification of organisms. Hence, the correct answer is 'species.'
Cells reproduce by different processes, all of which fall into what two categories?
- A. Sexual reproduction and binary fission
- B. Sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction
- C. Asexual reproduction and binary fission
- D. Asexual reproduction and mitosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cells can reproduce through sexual reproduction, involving the fusion of gametes, and asexual reproduction, which does not involve the fusion of gametes. Binary fission is a specific type of asexual reproduction where a cell divides into two identical cells. Therefore, the correct answer is B as it encompasses the broad categories of cellular reproduction processes, covering both sexual and asexual reproduction.