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Which of the following cellular receptors is responsible for recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and initiating innate immune responses?

  • A. Toll-like receptors (TLRs)
  • B. B cell receptors (BCRs)
  • C. T cell receptors (TCRs)
  • D. Fc receptors
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a group of cellular receptors responsible for recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which are molecular components commonly found on pathogens like bacteria and viruses. When TLRs recognize these PAMPs, they initiate signaling pathways that trigger the innate immune response, leading to inflammation, antimicrobial defense, and the activation of adaptive immunity. B cell receptors (BCRs) and T cell receptors (TCRs) are involved in adaptive immune responses and recognize specific antigens rather than PAMPs. Fc receptors primarily bind to the Fc portion of antibodies and are involved in antibody-mediated immune responses. Thus, TLRs specifically play a critical role in sensing and responding to pathogens through the recognition of PAMPs.