Nokea
Which of the following structures is responsible for the production of saliva, which aids in lubricating the oral cavity and initiating the digestion of carbohydrates?
- A. Liver
- B. Gallbladder
- C. Salivary glands
- D. Pancreas
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The salivary glands are responsible for the production of saliva, which aids in lubricating the oral cavity and initiating the digestion of carbohydrates. Saliva contains enzymes that begin the digestive process by breaking down carbohydrates into simpler sugars. The liver is involved in the production of bile, which aids in the digestion and absorption of fats. The gallbladder stores bile produced by the liver, which is released into the small intestine. The pancreas produces digestive enzymes that are released into the small intestine to aid in the digestion of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.
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Which of the following conditions is characterized by an abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland, leading to lower urinary tract symptoms such as urinary hesitancy, weak urinary stream, and incomplete bladder emptying?
- A. Prostate cancer
- B. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
- C. Prostatitis
- D. Prostate adenoma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a condition characterized by an abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland, which is non-cancerous. This enlargement can lead to lower urinary tract symptoms such as urinary hesitancy (difficulty starting the urine stream), weak urinary stream, incomplete bladder emptying, frequent urination, urgency, and nocturia. BPH is a common condition in aging men and is not usually associated with prostate cancer. Other conditions like prostate cancer, prostatitis, and prostate adenoma may present with similar symptoms, but BPH is specifically characterized by the non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland. Treatment for BPH may include medications to improve symptoms or surgical procedures to reduce the size of the prostate gland.
In terms of social support therapy, which of these is the MOST APRROPRIATE and therapeutic?
- A. With appropriate support, lives in the community, either independently or in supervised setting .
- B. Individualized relationship with a caregiver.
- C. High structured environment with constant aid and supervision.
- D. Vocational training with moderate supervision but not beyond second grade academic challenges.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In terms of social support therapy for a patient with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), the most appropriate and therapeutic option would be for the patient to live in the community with appropriate support, either independently or in a supervised setting. This approach allows the individual to maintain a sense of autonomy and independence while still having access to necessary support and care as needed. Living in the community promotes social interaction, engagement, and a sense of normalcy, which can contribute positively to the patient's mental well-being and overall quality of life. This approach also aligns with the principles of person-centered care, focusing on the individual's preferences, needs, and autonomy.
Nurse Maris oftentimes encounter barriers. Select a barrier to goal setting between the nurse and the family.
- A. Eeducational attainment
- B. Nature of employment
- C. Failure of family to perceive existence of problem
- D. Socio economic status
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The barrier to goal setting between the nurse and the family in this scenario is the failure of the family to perceive the existence of the problem. Goal setting in healthcare generally requires mutual agreement and understanding between the healthcare provider (nurse) and the patient/family. If the family does not perceive that there is an existing problem that needs to be addressed, there will likely be resistance or lack of motivation to set goals and work towards resolving the issue. This barrier can hinder effective communication, collaboration, and ultimately, the successful achievement of healthcare goals. It is important for the nurse to address this barrier through education, communication, and building trust to ensure that all parties are on the same page and actively participate in goal setting and care planning.
The nurse ensures, which of the following should be present and be cooperative in the educational program?
- A. Patient, student nurses and interns
- B. Patient, family and significant others
- C. Head nurse and family
- D. New staff nurses and nursing aides of the unit
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In an educational program conducted by a nurse, it is crucial to involve the patient, their family, and significant others. This approach ensures holistic care by considering the patient's psychosocial environment, family dynamics, and support system. Including these individuals in the educational program fosters collaboration, strengthens the patient-nurse relationship, and equips family members with the knowledge and skills needed to provide optimal care at home. Furthermore, involving the patient's support system can enhance adherence to treatment plans and contribute to better health outcomes. Therefore, the presence and cooperation of the patient, family, and significant others are essential elements of a successful educational program led by a nurse.
Which of the following is the preventive measure to osteoporosis development
- A. Iron rich food
- B. Daily jogging
- C. Calcium rich food and supplement
- D. Vigorous exercise
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Calcium is essential for maintaining strong and healthy bones. Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by weakened bones, making them more prone to fractures. Consuming calcium-rich foods such as dairy products, leafy greens, and fortified foods can help prevent osteoporosis development. Additionally, incorporating calcium supplements under the guidance of a healthcare provider can further support bone health and reduce the risk of osteoporosis. Regular intake of adequate calcium is considered a crucial preventive measure for osteoporosis.