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Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation of the tendons surrounding the shoulder joint, leading to pain and restricted movement?
- A. Rotator cuff tear
- B. Adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)
- C. Bursitis
- D. Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bursitis is characterized by inflammation of the bursa, which is a small, fluid-filled sac that cushions and reduces friction between bones, tendons, and muscles near joints. In the shoulder, bursitis commonly affects the subacromial bursa, located between the rotator cuff tendons and the top of the shoulder blade. The inflammation of this bursa can lead to pain and restricted movement around the shoulder joint.
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Nurses agree to be advocates for their patients. Practice of advocacy calls for the nurse to:
- A. Seek out the nursing supervisor in conflicting situations
- B. Work to understand the law as it applies to the client's clinical condition.
- C. Assess the client's point of view and prepare to articulate this point of view.
- D. Document all clinical changes in the medical record in a timely manner.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The practice of advocacy in nursing involves assessing the client's point of view and preparing to articulate this viewpoint. Advocacy requires that nurses actively listen to their patients, understand their perspectives, and ensure that their needs and wishes are communicated effectively within the healthcare team. By advocating for the client's point of view, nurses can help empower their patients to make informed decisions about their care and ensure that their best interests are always prioritized.
A postpartum client presents with sudden onset of shortness of breath, chest pain, and cyanosis. Which nursing action is most appropriate?
- A. Placing the client in a semi-Fowler's position
- B. Administering supplemental oxygen therapy
- C. Notifying the healthcare provider immediately
- D. Assisting with chest physiotherapy to improve ventilation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The sudden onset of shortness of breath, chest pain, and cyanosis in a postpartum client could be indicative of a pulmonary embolism, a potentially life-threatening condition. Therefore, it is crucial to notify the healthcare provider immediately for further assessment and management. Prompt intervention is essential in this situation to prevent any potential complications and ensure the client receives appropriate care as soon as possible. Placing the client in a semi-Fowler's position or administering supplemental oxygen therapy may provide temporary relief, but the priority is to seek immediate medical attention. Consulting with the healthcare provider ensures that the client receives the necessary interventions promptly.
A nurse administers the wrong medication to a patient and the patient is harmed. The physician who ordered the medication did not read the documentation that the patient was allergic to the drug. Which statement is true regarding liability for the administration of the wrong medication?
- A. The nurse is not responsible, because the nurse was merely following the doctor's orders.
- B. Only the nurse is responsible, because the nurse actually administered the medication.
- C. Only the physician is responsible, because the physician actually ordered the drug.
- D. Both the nurse and the physician are responsible for their respective actions.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In a situation where a nurse administers the wrong medication to a patient resulting in harm, both the nurse and the physician can be held liable for their respective roles in the error. The nurse is responsible for administering the incorrect medication, which is a violation of their duty to provide safe and appropriate care. However, the physician is also responsible because they failed to review the patient's documentation indicating the allergy to the medication before ordering it. As healthcare professionals, both the nurse and the physician have a duty of care to ensure patient safety, and in this case, both individuals failed in their responsibilities, leading to the harm caused to the patient. Therefore, both the nurse and the physician can be held accountable for the error.
A patient with advanced heart failure expresses fear and anxiety about the progression of their illness. What is the palliative nurse's most appropriate response?
- A. Provide reassurance and minimize discussions about end-of-life care.
- B. Encourage the patient to focus on positive thoughts and avoid discussing fears.
- C. Offer empathetic listening and explore the patient's concerns about the future.
- D. Suggest distraction techniques to divert the patient's attention from their worries.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The palliative nurse's most appropriate response in this scenario is to offer empathetic listening and explore the patient's concerns about the future. By providing a compassionate and supportive environment for the patient to express their fears and anxieties, the nurse can help the patient feel heard and understood. This approach allows the nurse to address the patient's emotional needs and provide appropriate support to help them cope with their feelings. Avoiding discussions or minimizing the patient's concerns may invalidate their emotions and hinder the therapeutic relationship. Encouraging distraction techniques or focusing solely on positive thoughts may not address the underlying fears and anxieties that the patient is experiencing. Therefore, offering empathetic listening and exploring the patient's concerns is the most appropriate way for the nurse to provide holistic care for the patient with advanced heart failure.
The patient during labor would anticipate some emotional support. Which of the following nursing interventions should Nurse Sarah provide to keep the patient calm?
- A. Giving praise for her the sense of satisfaction regarding quick labor.
- B. Support in maintaining a sense of control.
- C. Explanation of the effect of labor on the newborn.
- D. Allowing the patient to express pain and anxiety
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Support in maintaining a sense of control is essential in keeping the patient calm during labor. Giving the patient a sense of control allows them to feel empowered and more in charge of their experience. This can help reduce anxiety and fear, ultimately promoting a more positive and calm labor experience. Providing emotional support by assisting the patient in maintaining control can greatly benefit their overall emotional well-being during this stressful time.