Nokea
Which of the following constitute negative feedback loops? Select all that apply.
- A. Serum glucose levels
- B. Acid-base balance
- C. Temperature
- D. Blood clotting
- E. Labor onset
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: These mechanisms work by sensing deviations from a predetermined set point or range of adaptability and triggering a response aimed at offsetting the deviation. Blood pressure, acid-base balance, blood glucose level, body temperature, and fluid and electrolyte balance are examples of functions regulated through such compensatory mechanisms. Coagulation and labor onset are results of positive feedback loops.
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What will be included in the nurses intervention?
- A. The use of progressive tensing and relaxing of muscles to release tension in each muscle group
- B. Using a positive self-image to increase and intensify physical exercise, which decreases stress
- C. The mindful use of a word, phrase, or visual, which allows oneself to be distracted and temporarily escape from stressful situations
- D. The use of music and humor to create a calm and relaxed demeanor, which allows escape from stressful situations
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Guided imagery is the mindful use of a word, phrase, or visual image to distract oneself from distressing situations or consciously taking time to relax or reenergize. Guided imagery does not involve muscle relaxation, positive self-image, or humor.
What statement should guide the nurses response?
- A. She should not worry; it was stress related and her regular blood pressure is good.
- B. The first blood pressure was part of a simple stress response; our long-term blood pressure is controlled by negative feedback systems.
- C. Blood pressure is only one measure of hypertension; she should review this with the doctor and plan to recheck it on a regular basis.
- D. The respiratory infection is the probably the cause of the elevated blood pressure, and, with treatment, her blood pressure should remain normal.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A simple stress response will temporarily elevate a blood pressure and heart rate. Long-term blood pressure response is controlled by negative feedback systems. For a science teacher, this would be an appropriate level of teaching/learning and would serve to promote health. The nurse would be incorrect in assuming the patients blood pressure is good based on only two blood pressure readings. The stress of a respiratory infection could account for the elevated blood pressure, but assuring the patient that, with treatment, her blood pressure will return to normal may not be true.
What would be your best response?
- A. This is a local inflammatory response to the insect bite; it is not an infection so antibiotics will not help.
- B. In children who are previously healthy, inflammation and infections usually resolve without the need for drugs.
- C. Ill make sure the doctor is made aware that youd like your son to have a course of antibiotics.
- D. Infection is not the same as inflammation. What your son has is inflammation.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Regardless of the cause, a general sequence of events occurs in the local inflammatory response. This sequence involves changes in the microcirculation, including vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and leukocytic cellular infiltration. As these changes take place, five cardinal signs of inflammation are produced: redness, heat, swelling, pain, and loss of function. Infections do not always resolve spontaneously. The nurse should teach the patients father about the reasons that antibiotics are unnecessary rather than simply deferring to the physician.
What is the best outcome you can expect for this patient?
- A. Patient will adopt coping mechanisms to reduce stress.
- B. Patient will be stress free for the duration of treatment.
- C. Patient will avoid all stressful situations.
- D. Patient will be treated with an antianxiety agent.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Stress management is directed toward reducing and controlling stress and improving coping. The outcome for this diagnosis is that the patient needs to adopt coping mechanisms that are effective for dealing with stress, such as relaxation techniques. The other options are incorrect because it is unrealistic to expect a patient to be stress free; avoiding stressful situations and starting an antianxiety agent are not the best answers as outcomes for ineffective coping.
What would be the most appropriate nursing intervention?
- A. Put the primary onus for planning care on the patient herself.
- B. Assess and provide constructive outlets for anger and hostility.
- C. Assess the patients sources of social support.
- D. Encourage an attitude of realistic hope to help her deal with helpless feelings.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: By encouraging an attitude of realistic hope, the patient will be empowered. This allows the patient to explore her feelings and bring about more effective coping patterns. The onus for care planning should not lie with the patient. The nursing diagnosis is related to feeling of helplessness, not anger and hostility. Social support is necessary, but does not directly address the feeling of helplessness.