Nokea
When do compensatory mechanisms occur in the human body?
- A. According to a diurnal cycle
- B. When needed
- C. Continuously
- D. Sporadically
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The concept of the cell as existing on a continuum of function and structure includes the relationship of the cell to compensatory mechanisms, which occur continuously in the body to maintain the steady state.
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When planning this patients care, which of the following statements regarding acute inflammation should you recognize?
- A. Inflammation is essentially synonymous with infection.
- B. Inflammation may impair the healing process.
- C. Inflammation is a defensive reaction intended to remove an offending agent.
- D. Inflammation inhibits the release of histamines in the tissues.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Inflammation is a defensive reaction intended to remove an offending agent and prepare the site for repair. Inflammation is not the same as infection, it does not impair the healing process, and it does not inhibit the release of histamines in the tissues.
You should be aware that the oxygen demands of the patients body would change in which direction and why?
- A. Increase due to an increase in metabolism
- B. Decrease due to a decrease in metabolism
- C. Increase due to a decrease in metabolism
- D. Decrease due to an increase in metabolism
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When a persons temperature is elevated, hypermetabolism occurs, and the respiratory rate, heart rate, and basal metabolic rate increase. The other options are incorrect because oxygen demands would not decrease and they would not increase due to a decrease in metabolism.
What is most important for the nurses to know about these coping behaviors?
- A. They are effective, but alternative, coping behaviors.
- B. They do not directly influence stress in the body.
- C. They are adaptive behaviors.
- D. They increase the risk of illness.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Coping processes that include the use of alcohol or drugs to reduce stress increase the risk of illness. The use of drugs and alcohol as a means to reduce stress are not effective coping behaviors. They are maladaptive behaviors, even though they have a short-term effect on stress.
The nurse recognizes these changes as being attributable to what response?
- A. Part of the limbic system response
- B. Sympathetic nervous response
- C. Hypothalamic-pituitary response
- D. Local adaptation syndrome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The sympathetic nervous system responds rapidly to stress; norepinephrine is released at nerve ending causing the organs to respond (i.e., heart rate increases, eyes dilate, and blood pressure increases). The limbic system is a mediator of emotions and behavior that are critical to survival during times of stress. The hypothalamic-pituitary response regulates the cortisol-induced metabolic effect that results in elevated blood sugars during stressful situations. Local adaptation syndrome is a tissue-specific inflammatory reaction.
You can expect that his sympathetic nervous system has stimulated his adrenal gland to release what?
- A. Endorphins
- B. Dopamine
- C. Epinephrine
- D. Testosterone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary response to stress, the sympathetic nervous system stimulates the adrenal gland to release epinephrine and norepinephrine.