Nokea
You know the most probable cause of this patients symptoms is what?
- A. Local inflammatory response
- B. Systemic shock response
- C. Local infectious response
- D. Systemic inflammatory response
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The inflammatory response is often confined to the site, causing only local signs and symptoms. However, systemic responses can also occur. During this process, general, nonspecific symptoms develop, including malaise, loss of appetite, aching, and weakness. The fact that the patient is experiencing systemic effects such as lethargy, malaise, aching, weakness, and loss of appetite suggests that inflammation is not limited to one specific site.
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What factors does the nurse know impact the processes of inflammation, repair, and replacement? Select all that apply.
- A. Severity of the injury
- B. Social relationships
- C. Condition of the host
- D. Familial support
- E. Nature of the injury
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: The condition of the host, the environment, and the nature and severity of the injury affect the processes of inflammation, repair, and replacement. The patients social relationships and familial support do not directly affect the processes of inflammation, repair, and replacement.
Which of the following is an immediate physiologic response to stress the nurse would expect this patient to experience?
- A. Vasodilation of peripheral blood vessels
- B. Increased blood pressure
- C. Decrease in blood glucose levels
- D. Pupil constriction
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An initial response to stress, as seen by the fight-or-flight response, is an increase in the patients heart rate and blood pressure. Vasoconstriction leads to the increase in blood pressure. Blood glucose levels increase, supplying more readily available energy, and pupils dilate.
What pathophysiological process has occurred as a result of the submersion?
- A. Atrophy of brain cells
- B. Cellular lysis
- C. Hypoxia to the brain
- D. Necrosis to the brain
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The length of time different tissues can survive without oxygen varies. The brain will become hypoxic in 3 to 6 minutes. The other options are incorrect because submersion injuries do not cause atrophy to brain cells right away; submersion injuries also do not cause cellular lysis or necrosis to the brain.
In a state of chronic arousal, what can happen within the body?
- A. Blood pressure decreases.
- B. Serum glucose levels drop.
- C. Arteriosclerosis may develop.
- D. Tissue necrosis may occur.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: If the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary response is prolonged or excessive, a state of chronic arousal develops that may lead to high (not low) blood pressure, arteriosclerotic changes, and cardiovascular disease. If the production of ACTH is prolonged or excessive, behavior patterns of withdrawal and depression are seen. In addition, the immune response is decreased, and infections and tumors may develop.
What would be the most complete statement by the students about the concept of steady state?
- A. The concept of steady state preserves life.
- B. The mechanisms of steady state work to maintain balance in the body.
- C. This concept compensates for biologic and environmental attacks on the body.
- D. Steady state is the same as adaptation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Mechanisms for adjusting internal conditions promote the normal steady state of the organism and its survival. These mechanisms are compensatory in nature and work to restore balance in the body. Adaptation is a part of the concept of steady state; it is not the concept itself.