microbiology a systems approach test bank

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Which of the following diseases is transmitted via aerosols?

  • A. Psittacosis
  • B. Shigellosis
  • C. Leptospirosis
  • D. Giardiasis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Psittacosis. This disease is transmitted via aerosols containing dried bird droppings or respiratory secretions from infected birds. When these aerosols are inhaled, the bacteria causing psittacosis enter the respiratory system and infect the individual.

- B: Shigellosis is transmitted through contaminated food or water, not via aerosols.
- C: Leptospirosis is transmitted through contact with water, soil, or food contaminated with the urine of infected animals, not via aerosols.
- D: Giardiasis is transmitted through ingesting contaminated food or water, not via aerosols.

Therefore, Psittacosis is the only disease in the list that is transmitted via aerosols, making it the correct answer.

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The antigen receptors on the surface of B-lymphocytes are made by proteins:

  • A. TRUE
  • B. FALSE
  • C. Both answers can be correct depending on the given situation
  • D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. B-lymphocyte antigen receptors are made by proteins called immunoglobulins. These proteins are essential for recognizing and binding to specific antigens. They play a crucial role in the immune response. Choice B is incorrect because B-lymphocyte antigen receptors are indeed made by proteins. Choice C is incorrect as well because in this case, the correct answer is that the receptors are made by proteins. Choice D is also incorrect as the receptors are made by proteins.

Two weeks after hemotransfusion a patient developed fever. What protozoal disease can be suspected?

  • A. Malaria
  • B. Toxoplasmosis
  • C. Leishmaniasis
  • D. Amebiasis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Malaria. Two weeks after hemotransfusion, the onset of fever indicates a possible bloodborne infection. Malaria is a protozoal disease transmitted through infected blood, causing symptoms like fever. Toxoplasmosis, Leishmaniasis, and Amebiasis are not typically associated with fever following hemotransfusion. Malaria fits the timeline and mode of transmission in this scenario.

Which structure in bacteria allows them to exchange genetic material during conjugation?

  • A. Pili
  • B. Flagella
  • C. Capsule
  • D. Ribosomes
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Pili in bacteria are responsible for conjugation, allowing the transfer of genetic material between cells. They form a bridge between donor and recipient cells, facilitating the exchange of DNA. Flagella are for movement, capsules for protection, and ribosomes for protein synthesis. Pili is the only structure directly involved in genetic material exchange.

Infections of the CNS can be caused by:

  • A. Clostridium botulinum
  • B. Morbillivirus morbillorum
  • C. Clostridium tetani
  • D. All are correct
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because all three choices, Clostridium botulinum, Morbillivirus morbillorum, and Clostridium tetani, can cause infections of the CNS. Clostridium botulinum can lead to botulism, affecting the nervous system. Morbillivirus morbillorum can cause measles, which can lead to encephalitis. Clostridium tetani can cause tetanus, affecting the central nervous system. Therefore, all three choices can cause infections of the CNS. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect individually because each pathogen can cause CNS infections.

Diaper rash in infants is commonly caused by:

  • A. Sporothrix schenckii
  • B. Actinomyces
  • C. Candida albicans
  • D. Malassezia furfur
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Candida albicans. Candida albicans is a common fungal organism that causes diaper rash in infants due to its ability to thrive in warm, moist environments. It can overgrow in the diaper area, leading to irritation and inflammation. Sporothrix schenckii (A) is a fungus that causes skin infections, but not typically diaper rash. Actinomyces (B) is a bacterium that is not commonly associated with diaper rash. Malassezia furfur (D) is a yeast that causes conditions like dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis, but not diaper rash in infants.

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