Nokea
Which of the following disorders are extrapyramidal symptoms that may be caused by antipsychotic drugs?
- A. Akathisia
- B. Pseudoparkinsonism
- C. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
- D. Dystonia
- E. Anticholinergic effects
- F. Breast tenderness in men and women
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: Extrapyramidal symptoms include akathisia, pseudoparkinsonism, and dystonia. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome and breast tenderness are side effects of antipsychotics but not classified as extrapyramidal. Anticholinergic effects are distinct side effects.
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A patient with schizophrenia is being treated with olanzapine (Zyprexa) 10 mg daily. The patient asks the nurse how this medicine works. The nurse explains that the mechanism by which the olanzapine controls the patient's psychotic symptoms is believed to be
- A. Increasing the amount of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain.
- B. Decreasing the amount of an enzyme that breaks down neurotransmitters.
- C. Normalizing the levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine.
- D. Blocking dopamine receptors in the brain.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The major action of all antipsychotics, including olanzapine, is to block dopamine receptors in the brain, which helps control psychotic symptoms.
Which of the following side effects of lithium are frequent causes of noncompliance?
- A. Metallic taste in the mouth
- B. Weight gain
- C. Acne
- D. Thirst
- E. Lethargy
Correct Answer: B,E
Rationale: Lethargy and weight gain are difficult to manage and frequently lead to noncompliance with lithium therapy.
In planning for a client's discharge, the nurse must know that the most serious risk for the client taking a tricyclic antidepressant is which of the following?
- A. Hypotension
- B. Narrow-angle glaucoma
- C. Seizures
- D. Suicide by overdose
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tricyclic antidepressants are potentially lethal in overdose, posing a significant suicide risk. Other side effects like hypotension and glaucoma are concerning but less severe.
A patient is seen for frequent exacerbation of schizophrenia due to nonadherence to medication regimen. The nurse should assess for which of the following common contributors to nonadherence?
- A. The patient is symptom-free and therefore does not need to adhere to the medication regimen.
- B. The patient cannot clearly see the instructions written on the prescription bottle.
- C. The patient dislikes the weight gain associated with antipsychotic therapy.
- D. The patient sells the antipsychotics to addicts in the neighborhood.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Weight gain is a common side effect of antipsychotics and a frequent reason for nonadherence, as patients may struggle with body image and health concerns.
Which of the following was the first nonstimulant medication specifically designed and tested for ADHD?
- A. Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
- B. Amphetamine (Adderall)
- C. Atomoxetine (Strattera)
- D. Pemoline (Cylert)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Atomoxetine (Strattera) was the first nonstimulant medication specifically designed and tested for ADHD, unlike the stimulant medications Ritalin, Adderall, and Cylert.