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Which of the following disorders involves problems with forming sounds associated with speech?
- A. Phonologic disorder
- B. Mixed receptive-expressive language disorder
- C. Expressive language disorder
- D. Stuttering
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Phonologic disorder specifically involves difficulties with articulation, unlike the broader language or fluency issues in the other options.
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The nurse is assessing a 16-month-old child during a well-baby checkup. Which of the following behaviors would be consistent with autism spectrum disorder? Select all that apply.
- A. The child displays little eye contact with others.
- B. The child thrives on changes in routine.
- C. The child makes few facial expressions toward others.
- D. The child does not like repetition.
- E. The child answers questions verbally.
Correct Answer: A,C,D
Rationale: Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by limited eye contact, few facial expressions, and a preference for repetition, not thriving on change or verbal responses at this age.
A child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is taking methylphenidate (Ritalin) in divided doses. If the child takes the first dose at 8 am, which behavior might the school nurse expect to see at noon?
- A. Increased impulsivity or hyperactive behavior
- B. Lack of appetite for lunch
- C. Sleepiness or drowsiness
- D. Social isolation from peers
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ritalin's short half-life means its effects may wear off by noon, leading to increased impulsivity or hyperactivity.
A nurse asks an assigned client, 'How are you doing today?' The client responds with 'doing today, doing today, doing today.' Which speech pattern disturbance is this an example of?
- A. Reactive attachment disorder
- B. Stereotypic movement disorder
- C. Selective mutism
- D. Echolalia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Echolalia involves repeating the last heard words or phrases, as seen in the client's response, unlike the other disorders listed.
The nurse has been working with the family of a small child with a psychiatric disorder. The nurse is feeling very frustrated because the parents refuse to implement effective parenting skills that the nurse has taught. What is the best action for the nurse at this time?
- A. Review effective disciplinary practices with the parents again.
- B. Refer the parents to a family therapist.
- C. Try to remember that the parents are trying to the best of their ability to carry out the suggestions.
- D. Explore alternative living arrangements for the child.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Recognizing parents' efforts and challenges fosters empathy and supports continued collaboration without premature escalation.
Which of the following symptoms are characteristic of ADHD? Select all that apply.
- A. Enuresis
- B. Inattentiveness
- C. Encopresis
- D. Overactivity
- E. Impulsiveness
Correct Answer: B,D,E
Rationale: ADHD is defined by inattentiveness, overactivity, and impulsiveness, while enuresis and encopresis are unrelated elimination disorders.