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When the prognosis of improvement in a child with psychiatric disorders is poor, what can the nurse do to positively influence children and adolescents and their parents?
- A. Continue to remind the child and parents that the prognosis for improvement is very poor.
- B. Encourage the parents to believe that the child will recover spontaneously.
- C. Assist the child and the parents to develop coping mechanisms.
- D. Focus on their problems instead of their strengths and assets.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Helping develop coping mechanisms leverages the child's developmental stage to improve long-term outcomes, focusing on strengths.
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The nurse understands that when working with a child with a mental health problem, the family must be included in the care. Which is one of the best ways the nurse can advocate for the child?
- A. Support transferring the child to a healthy living environment.
- B. Teach the parents age-appropriate expectations of the child.
- C. Reinforce the parents' expectations of the child's behavior.
- D. Interpret the child's thoughts and feelings to the parent.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Teaching age-appropriate expectations equips parents to support the child's development and coping effectively.
Which of the following terms describes the repeating of one's own words or sounds?
- A. Coprolalia
- B. Palilalia
- C. Echolalia
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Palilalia is the repetition of one's own words or sounds, distinct from coprolalia (obscene words) or echolalia (repeating others' words).
A child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is taking methylphenidate (Ritalin) in divided doses. If the child takes the first dose at 8 am, which behavior might the school nurse expect to see at noon?
- A. Increased impulsivity or hyperactive behavior
- B. Lack of appetite for lunch
- C. Sleepiness or drowsiness
- D. Social isolation from peers
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ritalin's short half-life means its effects may wear off by noon, leading to increased impulsivity or hyperactivity.
When teaching the parents of a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which statement by the parents would indicate the need for further teaching?
- A. We'll have him do his homework at the kitchen table with his brothers and sisters.
- B. We'll make sure he completes one task before going on to another.
- C. We'll set up rules with specific times for eating, sleeping, and playing.
- D. We'll use simple, clear directions and instructions.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A noisy, distracting environment like the kitchen table is unsuitable for a child with ADHD, indicating a need for further teaching.
Which of the following are common coexisting psychiatric disorders for adults with ADHD? Select all that apply.
- A. Social phobia
- B. Bipolar disorder
- C. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
- D. Major depression
- E. Alcohol dependence
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: Adults with ADHD commonly have coexisting conditions like social phobia, bipolar disorder, major depression, and alcohol dependence, but not typically obsessive-compulsive disorder.