Nokea
Which of the following drug increase the sensitivity of fatty tissue and muscles towards insulin:
- A. Dapagliphlozin
- B. Miglitol
- C. Nateglinide
- D. Rosiglitasone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rosiglitazone, a thiazolidinedione, enhances insulin sensitivity in fat and muscle via PPAR-gamma activation.
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Paracetamol is an NSAID with a comparatively low anti-inflammatory effect compared to other NSAIDs.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Paracetamol (acetaminophen) has minimal anti-inflammatory activity, primarily acting as an analgesic and antipyretic.
Which of the following avoids first pass effect of drugs
- A. Oral ingestion
- B. Rectal Suppository
- C. Intra venous injection
- D. Intra-arterial injection
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Intra-arterial injection bypasses the liver, avoiding first-pass metabolism.
The patient has a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and is taking the drug interferon beta-1a (Rebif). The patient takes this drug by subcutaneous injection three times a week. The dosage is 44 mcg per injection. If the patient takes an injection on Monday, how much of the drug would still be in the patient's system when she takes her next injection on Wednesday, assuming the half-life of the drug is 24 hours?
- A. 22 mcg
- B. 16.5 mcg
- C. 11 mcg
- D. 5.5 mcg
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The half-life of a drug is the time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to decrease to 1 half the peak level it previously achieved. On Tuesday, there would be 22 mcg remaining in the body, so option A is incorrect. On Wednesday 11 mcg would remain, so option C is the correct answer. At 12 hours before taking the next dose on Wednesday, there would be 16.5 mcg remaining. If the injection were not taken on Wednesday, 12 hours after the dose was due, there would be 5.5 mcg remaining.
After teaching a group of students about the different routes of medication administration, the nursing instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following as a topical drug?
- A. Capsule
- B. Suppository
- C. Nebulized bronchodilator
- D. Nicotine patch
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Topical drugs are drugs that are applied to the outer layer of the skin but not absorbed through the skin, such as eyedrops and suppositories. A nebulized bronchodilator is an inhaled medication. A nicotine patch delivers the medication transdermally; that is, it is readily absorbed from the skin. A capsule is a form of oral medication.
A nurse is caring for an older adult client in a long-term care facility who has Hypothyroidism and a new prescription for Levothyroxine. Which of the following dosage schedules should the nurse expect for this client?
- A. The client will remain 0.1 mg dose, and the dose will be 0.1 mg of 0.1 mg dose, and the dose will be... (truncated)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Older adults typically start with a low dose (e.g., 0.025-0.05 mg) of levothyroxine, titrated slowly; 0.1 mg is plausible with adjustment.