Nokea
Which of the following drug shows foetal hydantoin syndrome?
- A. Alcohol
- B. Phenytoin
- C. Ethosuximide
- D. Phenobarbitone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Phenytoin is associated with fetal hydantoin syndrome, characterized by craniofacial abnormalities and growth deficits, due to its teratogenic effects during pregnancy.
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You are going to prescribe a drug and the electronic health record (EHR) alerts you that there is a potential drug-drug interaction. The alert is generated by:
- A. The Food and Drug Administration MedWatch system
- B. TOXNET, the National Institutes of Health alert system
- C. The EHR clinical decision support system
- D. Lexicomp, a commercial medication alert system
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: EHR clinical decision support systems generate real-time drug interaction alerts.
A pharmaceutical lab states that a drug causes negative side effects in 3 of every 100 patients. To confirm this affirmation, another laboratory chooses 5 people at random who have consumed the drug. What is the probability that none of the five patients experience side effects?
- A. 0.8687
- B. 0.1313
- C. 0.00847
- D. 0.0003
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Using the binomial distribution with n=5, p=0.03, and q=0.97, the probability of zero side effects is calculated as P(X=0) = (5 choose 0) * 0.97^5 = 0.8687, as shown in the document.
Which of the following class of agonists can precipitate hyperglycemia in diabetics?
- A. a 1-agonists
- B. α2-agonists
- C. β1-agonists
- D. β2-agonists
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Beta-2 agonists (e.g., salbutamol) increase glycogenolysis, raising blood glucose.
The nurse is preparing to administer Lanoxin to a patient on the telemetry unit. In addition to understanding the patient's diagnosis, the nurse must also know which characteristic(s) of the medication?(Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Chemical composition
- B. Adverse effects
- C. Expected actions
- D. Contraindications for use
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse must understand the individual patient's diagnosis and symptoms that correlate with the rationale for drug use. The nurse should also know why a medication is ordered, expected actions, usual dosing, proper dilution, route and rate of administration, adverse effects, and contraindications for the use of a particular drug. It is not required that the nurse know the chemical composition of the medication prior to administration.
A nurse assessing a client's IV catheter insertion site notes a hematoma. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Stop the infusion.
- B. Apply alcohol to the insertion site.
- C. Apply warm compresses to the insertion site
- D. Lower the client's arm.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Warm compresses and elevation reduce swelling and promote absorption of a hematoma.