Immune System Test Quizlet

Immune System Test Quizlet Related

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Which of the following early contributors to the development of immunology is paired up properly with his or her accomplishment?

  • A. Louis Pasteur: demonstrated that cowpox vaccination can protect from smallpox
  • B. Paul Ehrlich: identified lymphocytes as the cells mediating adaptive immunity
  • C. MacFarlane Burnet: proposed the side-chain theory of antibodies which suggested that multiple antigen receptors are expressed on immune cells
  • D. Robert Koch: developed techniques to grow pure bacterial cultures
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: Robert Koch is correctly paired with developing techniques to grow pure bacterial cultures. Koch's work laid the foundation for bacteriology and allowed for the isolation and identification of specific disease-causing bacteria. This technique, known as Koch's postulates, revolutionized the field of microbiology by linking specific pathogens to specific diseases.

Summary:
A: Louis Pasteur - Incorrect. While Pasteur is known for his work in vaccination and pasteurization, the provided accomplishment is associated with Edward Jenner, not Pasteur.
B: Paul Ehrlich - Incorrect. Ehrlich is known for his work on immunology and coined the term "magic bullet," but he did not identify lymphocytes as cells mediating adaptive immunity.
C: MacFarlane Burnet - Incorrect. Burnet is known for his clonal selection theory, not the side-chain theory of antibodies as described in the choice.

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What type of antibodies predominate in the secondary immune response?

  • A. IgM
  • B. IgE
  • C. IgG
  • D. IgD
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: IgG. In the secondary immune response, IgG antibodies predominate due to memory B cells rapidly producing them upon re-exposure to the same antigen. IgG provides long-lasting immunity and is more efficient in neutralizing pathogens. IgM (A) is the primary antibody in the initial immune response. IgE (B) is involved in allergic reactions. IgD (D) functions as a receptor on B cells.

Which immune system function is most relevant to cancer?

  • A. Suppressing cytokine release
  • B. Promoting adaptive immunity only
  • C. Identifying and eliminating abnormal cells
  • D. Limiting the effectiveness of phagocytes
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Identifying and eliminating abnormal cells. This function is most relevant to cancer because the immune system's ability to recognize and destroy abnormal cells is crucial in preventing the development and spread of cancer. The immune system constantly surveys the body for cells that have mutated or become cancerous, and when identified, it initiates an immune response to eliminate them. This process is essential for maintaining the body's health and preventing cancerous cells from proliferating.

Choice A (Suppressing cytokine release) is incorrect because cytokines play a role in regulating the immune response, which can be important in cancer immunity. Choice B (Promoting adaptive immunity only) is incorrect as both innate and adaptive immune responses are involved in combating cancer. Choice D (Limiting the effectiveness of phagocytes) is incorrect as phagocytes are important in recognizing and destroying cancer cells.

The annotation C refers to which DNA component?

  • A. Vector DNA
  • B. Plasmid DNA
  • C. Chromosomal DNA
  • D. Recombinant DNA
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chromosomal DNA. Chromosomal DNA refers to the DNA found in the chromosomes of an organism's nucleus, carrying the majority of its genetic information. In molecular biology, the annotation C typically refers to the chromosomal DNA of the organism being studied. Plasmid DNA (choice B) and vector DNA (choice A) are extrachromosomal DNA elements that are separate from the chromosomal DNA. Recombinant DNA (choice D) is a DNA molecule formed by combining DNA from different sources, which can include chromosomal, plasmid, or vector DNA. Therefore, the correct choice is C as it specifically refers to the chromosomal DNA component.

Which cells play a central role in Type I hypersensitivity reactions?

  • A. Neutrophils
  • B. Mast cells
  • C. Macrophages
  • D. Dendritic cells
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mast cells. Mast cells play a central role in Type I hypersensitivity reactions by releasing histamine, cytokines, and other inflammatory mediators in response to allergens. This triggers the allergic response. Neutrophils (A), Macrophages (C), and Dendritic cells (D) are not central to Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Neutrophils are involved in acute inflammation, macrophages play a role in phagocytosis and antigen presentation, and dendritic cells are important in initiating adaptive immune responses.

A small molecule that combines with a specific allosteric protein so that both prevent RNA polymerase activity is called a(n):

  • A. inducer
  • B. repressor
  • C. corepressor
  • D. leader
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: corepressor. A corepressor is a small molecule that binds to an allosteric protein to inhibit its activity. In this case, the corepressor prevents RNA polymerase activity. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: Inducer activates gene expression.
B: Repressor inhibits gene expression by binding to DNA.
D: Leader is not a term related to allosteric regulation.

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