Nokea
Which of the following epithelial types is correctly matched with its major function?
- A. Simple squamous epitheliumĀ"secretion or absorption
- B. Stratified squamous epitheliumĀ"changes shape when stretched
- C. Stratified squamous epitheliumĀ"diffusion
- D. Simple columnar epitheliumĀ"secretion or absorption
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D - Simple columnar epitheliumĀ"secretion or absorption. Simple columnar epithelium is typically found in areas where secretion or absorption is the primary function, such as the lining of the intestines. This type of epithelium is composed of a single layer of tall, narrow cells that are well suited for these functions. Simple squamous epithelium is more associated with diffusion due to its thin structure allowing for easy movement of molecules through it. Stratified squamous epithelium is designed to protect underlying tissues and is not primarily involved in diffusion.
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Which bones are formed by intramembranous ossification?
- A. Flat bones
- B. Long bones
- C. Short bones
- D. Irregular bones
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Intramembranous ossification is the process by which flat bones, such as the skull bones and the clavicles, are formed. During this process, mesenchymal stem cells differentiate directly into bone-forming cells, leading to the formation of flat bones. Long bones, short bones, and irregular bones are formed through endochondral ossification, a different process where the bone is first formed as a cartilage model before being replaced by bone tissue.
Which hormone initiates the preparation of the endometrium of the uterus for pregnancy?
- A. FSH
- B. Estrogen
- C. LH
- D. Progesterone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Estrogen initiates the preparation of the endometrium of the uterus for pregnancy by promoting its growth and thickening during the menstrual cycle. It is essential for creating a suitable environment for implantation of a fertilized egg. FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) is involved in stimulating follicle development in the ovaries, LH (Luteinizing Hormone) triggers ovulation, and Progesterone is crucial for maintaining the endometrial lining post-ovulation and during early pregnancy.
In which cavity are the urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs found?
- A. Pelvic
- B. Abdominal
- C. Thoracic
- D. Pleural
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pelvic. The urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs are located in the pelvic cavity. The pelvic cavity is situated below the abdominal cavity and houses various organs, including the urinary bladder and reproductive organs. The abdominal cavity contains organs like the stomach, liver, and intestines, while the thoracic cavity houses the lungs and heart. Pleural is an incorrect choice as it is related to the lining around the lungs.
A tissue examined under the microscope exhibits the following characteristics: cells found on the internal surface of the stomach, no extracellular matrix, tall and thin cells, and no blood vessels in the tissue. What type of tissue is this?
- A. Epithelial
- B. Connective
- C. Muscle
- D. Cartilage
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Epithelial. Epithelial tissue is characterized by cells tightly packed together that form a protective barrier on internal and external body surfaces. The description in the question matches the characteristics of epithelial tissue found lining the internal surface of organs like the stomach. This type of tissue lacks blood vessels and typically does not contain an extracellular matrix, which is a defining feature of connective tissue. Muscle tissue is composed of cells capable of contraction and relaxation, while cartilage is a type of connective tissue consisting of specialized cells embedded in a matrix.
A sprain occurs when there is a tear in which structure?
- A. Dermis.
- B. Ligament.
- C. Cartilage.
- D. Muscle
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: