Nokea
Which of the following factors makes it important for the nurse to provide special care to older clients with immune system disorders?
- A. Age-related changes
- B. Poor diet
- C. Use of multiple drugs (polypharmacy)
- D. Reduced activity levels
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Age-related changes in the immune system known as immunosenescence make older adults more susceptible to infections and less responsive to vaccines.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which group(s) of fungi do not generally produce sexual reproductive structures and are also sometimes known as imperfect fungi?
- A. Ascomycotina
- B. Oomycetes
- C. Zygomycotina
- D. Hyphochridiomycetes
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: I'm sorry, but the correct answer is not provided in the choices given (A, B, C, D). Can you please provide the correct answer so that I can help you with the detailed explanation and summary of why the correct answer is correct and the others are incorrect?
During an adaptive immune response to a pathogen an important outcome of the clonal selection process is:
- A. An increase in the number of lymphocytes specific for the pathogen that activated the response
- B. Elimination of lymphocytes that are not specific for the pathogen that activated the response
- C. An increase in the number of antigen receptor specificities expressed by each lymphocyte
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because during clonal selection, lymphocytes specific to the pathogen are activated, leading to their proliferation and differentiation into effector cells. This results in an increase in the number of lymphocytes specific for the pathogen, enhancing the immune response.
Choice B is incorrect because clonal selection does not involve the elimination of non-specific lymphocytes but rather the expansion of specific lymphocytes.
Choice C is also incorrect because clonal selection does not change the antigen receptor specificities expressed by lymphocytes but instead focuses on expanding the population of lymphocytes with receptors specific to the pathogen.
Therefore, the correct outcome of clonal selection is the increase in the number of lymphocytes specific for the pathogen that activated the response, making choice A the most accurate option.
Colostrum, the yellowish fluid, secreted by mother during the initial days of lactation is very essential to impart immunity to the newborn infants because it contains:
- A. Natural killer cells
- B. Monocytes
- C. Macrophages
- D. Immunoglobulin A
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Immunoglobulin A. Colostrum contains high levels of Immunoglobulin A (IgA), which is crucial for imparting passive immunity to the newborn. IgA helps protect the infant's mucosal surfaces from infections. Natural killer cells, monocytes, and macrophages are not typically found in colostrum and are not responsible for conferring immunity to the newborn.
The way in which some organism supplies some other organism with food and energy known as
- A. Food chains
- B. Food Network
- C. Pyramid of power
- D. levels of nutrition
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Food chains. A food chain depicts the flow of energy and nutrients from one organism to another in an ecosystem. It shows how energy is transferred from producers to consumers. Food network (B) is a more complex and interconnected system than a simple linear chain. Pyramid of power (C) represents the energy flow in an ecosystem, not the transfer of food. Levels of nutrition (D) is not a term commonly used to describe how organisms transfer food and energy.
What is the main limitation of innate immunity compared to adaptive immunity?
- A. It cannot produce cytokines
- B. It lacks memory and specificity
- C. It does not include physical barriers
- D. It cannot activate complement
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The main limitation of innate immunity compared to adaptive immunity is that innate immunity lacks memory and specificity. This means that innate immune responses do not improve upon repeated exposure to the same pathogen and cannot target specific antigens efficiently. Adaptive immunity, on the other hand, can remember previous encounters with pathogens and mount targeted responses. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because innate immunity can produce cytokines, includes physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes, and can activate complement as part of its defense mechanisms.