Nokea
Which of the following factors would decrease the amount of oxygen discharged by hemoglobin to peripheral tissues?
- A. increased temperature
- B. decreased pH
- C. decreased tissue PO2
- D. decreased amounts of BPG
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: decreased amounts of BPG. BPG binds to hemoglobin, reducing its affinity for oxygen. Without BPG, hemoglobin holds onto oxygen tightly, decreasing its release to tissues. Increased temperature (choice A) and decreased pH (choice B) actually enhance oxygen release by hemoglobin through the Bohr effect. Decreased tissue PO2 (choice C) triggers hemoglobin to release more oxygen due to the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve.
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A nurse observes that a client's anteroposterior (AP) chest diameter is the same as the lateral chest diameter. Which question would the nurse ask the client in response to this finding?
- A. Are you taking any medications or herbal supplements?
- B. Do you have any chronic breathing problems?
- C. How often do you perform aerobic exercise?
- D. What is your occupation and what are your hobbies?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Do you have any chronic breathing problems? This question is appropriate because equal AP and lateral chest diameters could indicate barrel chest, which is often associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or other chronic breathing problems. Asking about chronic breathing problems can help the nurse further assess the client's respiratory health.
Incorrect answers:
A: Are you taking any medications or herbal supplements? This question is not directly related to the observed chest diameter findings.
C: How often do you perform aerobic exercise? This question is not relevant to the physical assessment findings and does not address the potential respiratory issue.
D: What is your occupation and what are your hobbies? This question does not directly address the equal AP and lateral chest diameters and does not help in assessing the respiratory status of the client.
You are providing care for a client with recently diagnosed asthma. What key points will you be sure to include in your teaching plan for this client? (Choose all that apply.)
- A. Avoid potential environmental asthma triggers such as smoke.
- B. Use inhaler 30 minutes before exercising to prevent bronchospasm.
- C. Wash all bedding in cold water to reduce and destroy dust mites.
- D. Be sure to get at least 8 hours of rest and sleep every night.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer includes A, B, and D. Avoiding triggers (A), using inhalers before exercise (B), and ensuring adequate rest (D) are important for asthma management. Washing bedding in cold water (C) is ineffective for destroying dust mites; hot water is required.
The 75-year-old patient presents to the emergency department with shortness of breath,
fatigue, and a dry cough. When information leads the nurse to suspect that this patient should
undergo workup for histoplasmosis?
- A. The patient reports drinking pond water
- B. The patient lives on a farm and raises chickens.
- C. The patient recently went hunting in a wooded area.
- D. The patient owns a landscaping company.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because living on a farm and raising chickens increases the risk of exposure to histoplasmosis, a fungal infection commonly found in soil contaminated with bird droppings. Raising chickens can lead to exposure to bird feces, which may contain the histoplasma fungus. The other choices (A, C, D) do not directly involve exposure to environments where the fungus is commonly found, making them less likely to lead to histoplasmosis workup.
The filtering and keeping the mucus and dirt away from our lung's performed by
- A. cilia
- B. bronchioles
- C. hair in lungs
- D. all of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: cilia. Cilia are tiny hair-like structures in the respiratory tract that sweep mucus and dirt out of the lungs to keep them clean. Bronchioles are small airways in the lungs through which air passes, not involved in filtering. Hair in the lungs is not a natural structure; it would be harmful. Choice D is incorrect because not all options listed are involved in filtering and keeping the mucus and dirt away from the lungs.
Which of the following anatomical structures is not part of the conducting zone?
- A. pharynx
- B. nasal cavity
- C. alveoli
- D. bronchi
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: alveoli. The conducting zone of the respiratory system includes structures that transport air to and from the gas exchange sites. Alveoli are the primary sites of gas exchange, not part of the conducting zone. Pharynx (A), nasal cavity (B), and bronchi (D) are all part of the conducting zone as they help in air transportation but do not directly participate in gas exchange like alveoli do. Therefore, alveoli is the correct answer as it does not belong to the conducting zone.