Nokea
Prolonged inspirations can result from stimulating the ________ center.
- A. apneustic
- B. pneumotaxic
- C. expiratory
- D. baroreceptor
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: apneustic. Stimulation of the apneustic center in the brainstem prolongs inspiration by sending signals to the respiratory muscles to maintain inspiration. The apneustic center plays a role in regulating the depth and duration of breathing.
Explanation for why other choices are incorrect:
B: Pneumotaxic center helps regulate the respiratory rate by inhibiting inspiration, not prolonging it.
C: Expiratory center is responsible for controlling expiration, not inspiration.
D: Baroreceptor center is involved in regulating blood pressure, not respiratory functions.
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The chloride shift occurs in order to
- A. force oxygen out of the blood and into tissues
- B. transport bicarbonate ions into the blood plasma
- C. produce salt for the cytosol of blood cells
- D. produce carbonic acid
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the chloride shift occurs to transport bicarbonate ions into the blood plasma. This process helps maintain acid-base balance in the body by exchanging chloride ions for bicarbonate ions to regulate pH levels. Choice A is incorrect as the chloride shift is not related to forcing oxygen into tissues. Choice C is incorrect as the chloride shift does not produce salt for the cytosol of blood cells. Choice D is incorrect as the chloride shift does not directly produce carbonic acid but rather helps in maintaining the balance of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate ions.
A 92-year-old female patient is being admitted to the emergency department with severe shortness of breath. Being aware of the patient’s condition, what approach should the nurse use to assess the patient’s lungs?
- A. Apex to base
- B. Base to apex
- C. Lateral sequence
- D. Anterior then posterior
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In a patient with severe shortness of breath, the nurse should assess the lungs using a posterior to anterior approach to minimize discomfort and optimize assessment in compromised patients.
A nurse is planning discharge teaching on tracheostomy care for an older client. What factors does the nurse need NOT to assess before teaching this particular client?
- A. Cognition
- B. Dexterity
- C. Hydration
- D. Range of motion
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Hydration is not directly related to tracheostomy care. The rationale is: A) Cognition is important for understanding and following care instructions. B) Dexterity is needed for handling tracheostomy equipment. C) Hydration, while important for overall health, does not directly impact tracheostomy care. D) Range of motion is relevant to prevent complications like skin breakdown. In summary, hydration is not a crucial factor to assess specifically for tracheostomy care compared to cognition, dexterity, and range of motion.
A nurse observes that a client's anteroposterior (AP) chest diameter is the same as the lateral chest diameter. Which question would the nurse ask the client in response to this finding?
- A. Are you taking any medications or herbal supplements?
- B. Do you have any chronic breathing problems?
- C. How often do you perform aerobic exercise?
- D. What is your occupation and what are your hobbies?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Do you have any chronic breathing problems? This question is appropriate because equal AP and lateral chest diameters could indicate barrel chest, which is often associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or other chronic breathing problems. Asking about chronic breathing problems can help the nurse further assess the client's respiratory health.
Incorrect answers:
A: Are you taking any medications or herbal supplements? This question is not directly related to the observed chest diameter findings.
C: How often do you perform aerobic exercise? This question is not relevant to the physical assessment findings and does not address the potential respiratory issue.
D: What is your occupation and what are your hobbies? This question does not directly address the equal AP and lateral chest diameters and does not help in assessing the respiratory status of the client.
The function of tracheal cilia is to
- A. Pass mucus out
- B. Pass mucus in
- C. Pass air out
- D. Pass air out
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pass mucus out. Tracheal cilia help move mucus, which contains dust, debris, and pathogens, out of the respiratory tract to prevent infections and maintain clear airways. This process is known as mucociliary clearance. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because tracheal cilia do not pass mucus in, pass air out, or pass air in. Tracheal cilia specifically function to clear mucus out of the respiratory tract.