Which of the following findings are indicative of peripheral arterial insufficiency? Select all that apply.
- A. Throbbing, cramping pain that increases with exercise.
- B. Aching pain that increases with dependency.
- C. Capillary refill time of less than two seconds.
- D. Shiny skin with decreased hair.
- E. Brown pigment about the ankles and lower legs.
- F. Pale color on elevation and redness on dependency.
Correct Answer: A,D,F
Rationale: Peripheral arterial insufficiency causes throbbing pain with exercise (A), shiny skin with hair loss (D), and pale color on elevation with redness on dependency (F). Aching pain with dependency (B) and brown pigment (E) suggest venous insufficiency, and capillary refill <2 seconds (C) is normal.
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The doctor is preparing to remove chest tubes from the client's left chest. In preparation for the removal, the nurse should instruct the client to:
- A. Breathe normally
- B. Hold his breath and bear down
- C. Take a deep breath
- D. Sneeze on command
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Holding breath and bearing down (Valsalva maneuver) prevents air entry into the pleural space during chest tube removal.
A client prescribed furosemide (Lasix) should choose which meal for lunch?
- A. chicken breast, white rice, apple
- B. turkey sandwich on wheat bread, celery sticks, grapefruit
- C. egg salad, cooked carrots, strawberries
- D. baked salmon, spinach salad, banana
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Furosemide causes potassium loss. A meal with potassium-rich foods (e.g., spinach, banana) helps maintain electrolyte balance.
The nurse is caring for the patient following removal of a large posterior oral lesion. The priority nursing measure would be to:
- A. Maintain a patent airway
- B. Perform meticulous oral care every 2 hours
- C. Ensure that the incisional area is kept as dry as possible
- D. Assess the client frequently for pain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Maintaining a patent airway is critical post-oral surgery due to the risk of swelling or bleeding obstructing the airway.
A client with cancer who is receiving chemotherapeutic drugs has been given injections of (pegfilgastrin) Neulasta. Which laboratory value reveals that the drug is producing the desired effect?
- A. Hemoglobin of 13.5 g/dL
- B. White blood cells count of 6,000/mm
- C. Platelet count of 300,000/mm
- D. HCT 39%
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pegfilgrastim (Neulasta) stimulates white blood cell production. A WBC count of 6,000/mm indicates the drug is effective in preventing neutropenia.
The nurse is reviewing the lab results of four clients. Which finding should be reported to the physician?
- A. A client with chronic renal failure with a serum creatinine of 5.6 mg/dL
- B. A client with rheumatic fever with a positive C reactive protein
- C. A client with gastroenteritis with a hematocrit of 52%
- D. A client with epilepsy with a white cell count of 3,800 mm³
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A hematocrit of 52% in gastroenteritis suggests dehydration, which requires immediate reporting.
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