Nokea
Which of the following findings would confirm that a female client has mastitis? Choose all that apply.
- A. A crack in the nipple or the areola
- B. Multiple lumps within the breast tissue
- C. Flat and soft breasts
- D. Support the arm and the shoulder with pillows.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A crack in the nipple or areola is a common sign of mastitis.
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In the circulatory system of a fetus, which of the following is greater before birth than after birth?
- A. Arterial Po2
- B. Right atrial pressure
- C. Aortic pressure
- D. Left ventricular pressure
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Right atrial pressure. Before birth, the fetal circulatory system has a shunt called the foramen ovale that allows blood to bypass the lungs, resulting in higher pressure in the right atrium. After birth, when the foramen ovale closes, the right atrial pressure decreases.
Incorrect Choices:
A: Arterial Po2 - Typically, arterial Po2 is lower in the fetus due to the placenta's oxygenation, but it increases after birth.
C: Aortic pressure - Aortic pressure remains relatively stable before and after birth.
D: Left ventricular pressure - Left ventricular pressure increases after birth due to the transition from fetal to neonatal circulation.
A client has been diagnosed with thrombophlebitis. The nurse needs to closely monitor the client for detecting, managing, and minimizing the risk for thrombophlebitis development. Which of the following nursing actions will help a nurse minimize the occurrence of thrombophlebitis in the client?
- A. Give warm sitz baths after sutures have been removed
- B. Apply an air or egg crate mattress to the bed
- C. Administer prescribed analgesics liberally
- D. Assess for and report calf pain or calf tenderness
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Calf pain or tenderness can be indicative of deep vein thrombosis, a complication of thrombophlebitis.
The superior region of the vagina is the _____.
- A. vaginal orifice
- B. cervix
- C. hymen
- D. vaginal rugae
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: cervix. The cervix is the lower portion of the uterus that protrudes into the vaginal canal. It is located at the superior region of the vagina. The vaginal orifice (A) refers to the opening of the vagina, not the superior region. The hymen (C) is a thin membrane that partially covers the vaginal opening and is not related to the superior region. Vaginal rugae (D) are the ridges or folds in the vaginal wall that allow for expansion, which are not specific to the superior region.
What effect does luteinizing hormone (LH) have on a female?
- A. LH promotes enlargement of the female's breasts.
- B. LH has no effect on a female
- C. LH causes secondary sex characteristics to develop in a femal
- D. LH triggers ovulation in a female
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: LH triggers ovulation in a female. LH is a hormone released by the pituitary gland that stimulates the release of an egg from the ovary during the menstrual cycle. This process is known as ovulation. It is a crucial step in the reproductive cycle of females.
A: LH does not promote the enlargement of female breasts. Breast growth is primarily regulated by estrogen and progesterone.
B: LH does have a significant effect on females, particularly in the reproductive system.
C: While LH does contribute to the development of secondary sex characteristics in females, its main role is in triggering ovulation.
A 30-year-old woman is breast-feeding her infant. During suckling, which of the following hormonal responses is expected?
- A. Increased secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the supraoptic nuclei
- B. Increased secretion of ADH from the paraventricular nuclei
- C. Increased secretion of oxytocin from the paraventricular nuclei
- D. Decreased secretion of neurophysin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Increased secretion of oxytocin from the paraventricular nuclei. During breast-feeding, oxytocin is released from the paraventricular nuclei in response to suckling. Oxytocin stimulates the contraction of myoepithelial cells around the alveoli and ducts in the breast, facilitating milk ejection. This response helps in the release of milk for the infant's feeding.
Rationale:
- Choice A is incorrect because ADH is not directly related to breast-feeding.
- Choice B is incorrect because ADH is not primarily released from the paraventricular nuclei in response to breast-feeding.
- Choice D is incorrect as neurophysin is not directly involved in the hormonal response during breast-feeding.