Nokea
Which of the following historical data MOST probably led to a post-traumatic stress disorder?
- A. Unstable relationship with ex-fiancee.
- B. No gang-relationship with peers
- C. Suicide of her mother
- D. Dropping out of school.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The suicide of her mother is the most probable historical data that led to post-traumatic stress disorder. Experiencing the suicide of a close family member, especially a parent, can be an extremely traumatic event that can have long-lasting psychological effects. Witnessing or dealing with such a tragic loss can lead to feelings of helplessness, depression, guilt, and intense emotional distress, all of which are common in individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This significant and distressing event could have a profound impact on the individual's mental health and well-being, contributing to the development of PTSD symptoms such as intrusive memories, avoidance behaviors, negative mood alterations, and changes in arousal or reactivity.
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A patient with suspected tuberculosis (TB) presents with cough, weight loss, night sweats, and hemoptysis. Chest X-ray reveals upper lobe infiltrates and cavitation. Which of the following diagnostic tests is most appropriate for confirming the diagnosis of pulmonary TB?
- A. Sputum acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear and culture
- B. Tuberculin skin test (TST)
- C. Interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA)
- D. Chest CT-guided biopsy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In a patient with suspected pulmonary TB, the most appropriate diagnostic test for confirming the diagnosis is the sputum acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear and culture. This test involves examining sputum samples under the microscope for the presence of acid-fast bacilli, which are characteristic of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria that causes TB. Additionally, culturing the sputum allows for the bacteria to grow in a controlled environment, further confirming the diagnosis. In the given scenario, the patient's symptoms (cough, weight loss, night sweats, hemoptysis), along with chest X-ray findings of upper lobe infiltrates and cavitation, are highly suggestive of pulmonary TB. Therefore, performing a sputum AFB smear and culture is crucial for definitive diagnosis and initiation of appropriate treatment. The other options (Tuberculin skin test, Interferon
A 35-year-old woman presents with irregular menstrual cycles, hirsutism, and acne. Which of the following conditions is most likely to be associated with these symptoms?
- A. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
- B. Endometriosis
- C. Ovarian cancer
- D. Uterine fibroids
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder in women of reproductive age. The classic symptoms of PCOS include irregular menstrual cycles, hirsutism (excess hair growth in a male pattern), and acne. Women with PCOS often have enlarged ovaries with multiple small cysts. Other common features include obesity, insulin resistance, and infertility. Endometriosis is characterized by the presence and growth of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, leading to symptoms such as pelvic pain and infertility. Ovarian cancer usually presents with nonspecific symptoms and is less likely in a young woman with these specific symptoms. Uterine fibroids are benign tumors that can cause heavy menstrual bleeding and pelvic pressure but are less likely to be associated with hirsutism and acne.
Based on the Right to Privacy and Confidentiality under the Patient's Bill of Rights, the patient has the right to demand on the following, but NOT _______ pertaining to his care as confidential.
- A. Information
- B. Records
- C. Communication
- D. Financial status
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The patient has the right to demand that information, records, and communications pertaining to their care be kept confidential under the Right to Privacy and Confidentiality as outlined in the Patient's Bill of Rights. However, financial status is generally not considered part of the confidential medical information and may not fall under the same level of protection as personal health information. Therefore, the patient cannot demand that their financial status be treated as confidential under this particular right.
A patient presents with knee pain and instability following a twisting injury during sports activity. MRI reveals a tear involving the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Which surgical procedure is commonly performed to reconstruct the ACL?
- A. Arthroscopic meniscectomy
- B. Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction
- C. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction
- D. Lateral collateral ligament (LCL) repair
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a common surgical procedure performed to repair a torn ACL. This procedure involves replacing the damaged ACL with a graft, often using a portion of the patient's own patellar tendon, hamstring tendon, or an allograft (donor tissue). ACL reconstruction is typically indicated for patients with ACL tears that result in knee instability and functional limitations, especially in active individuals who participate in sports or activities requiring pivoting and cutting movements. Arthroscopic surgery is commonly used to perform ACL reconstruction, allowing for smaller incisions and faster recovery compared to traditional open surgeries. Post-operative rehabilitation and physical therapy are crucial components of the recovery process following ACL reconstruction surgery to optimize outcomes and return to pre-injury activity levels.
The nurse reviews the patient 's plan of care. Which of the following nursing diagnose will be the PRIORITY?
- A. Fluid volume, deficit
- B. Risk for pain, acute
- C. Coping, ineffective
- D. Body image, disturbed
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In prioritizing nursing diagnoses, the nurse should consider issues that pose the greatest risk to the patient's immediate well-being. A fluid volume deficit can lead to dehydration and potentially life-threatening complications, making it a priority to address. It is crucial to restore fluid balance to maintain normal body functions and prevent further deterioration of the patient's condition. Ensuring adequate hydration is essential for the patient's overall health and recovery. The other options, such as risk for pain, coping, and body image disturbances, while important, are not as urgent as addressing a fluid volume deficit.