Nokea
Which of the following hormones stimulates uterine contractions during labor?
- A. Progesterone
- B. Estrogen
- C. Prolactin
- D. Oxytocin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Oxytocin is the hormone responsible for stimulating uterine contractions during labor.
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What is the recommended method of screening for Group B Streptococcus (GBS) during pregnancy?
- A. Urine culture
- B. Rectovaginal culture
- C. Blood test
- D. Nasopharyngeal culture
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The recommended method for screening GBS during pregnancy is a rectovaginal culture. This method involves swabbing the rectum and vagina to detect GBS colonization. This is crucial because GBS can be transmitted to the newborn during delivery, leading to serious infections. Urine culture (choice A) is not recommended for GBS screening as it does not accurately reflect vaginal colonization. Blood test (choice C) and nasopharyngeal culture (choice D) are also not appropriate for GBS screening during pregnancy. Rectovaginal culture is the gold standard method for identifying GBS colonization in pregnant women.
A school nurse is providing teaching to an adolescent about levonorgestrel contraception. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. You should take the medication within 72 hours following unprotected sexual intercourse.
- B. You should avoid taking this medication if you are on an oral contraceptive.
- C. If you don't start your period within 5 days of taking this medication, you will need a pregnancy test.
- D. One dose of this medication will prevent you from becoming pregnant for 14 days after taking it.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Levonorgestrel is an emergency contraceptive that should be taken within 72 hours of unprotected intercourse to be most effective in preventing pregnancy.
Which of the following is a potential cause of recurrent pregnancy loss?
- A. Chromosomal abnormalities
- B. Immunologic factors
- C. Environmental factors
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Recurrent pregnancy loss can be caused by chromosomal abnormalities, immunologic factors, or environmental factors.
Which of the following is a potential complication of a vaginal delivery?
- A. Shoulder dystocia
- B. Placenta previa
- C. Umbilical cord prolapse
- D. Cephalopelvic disproportion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Shoulder dystocia. This is a potential complication of vaginal delivery where the baby's shoulder gets stuck behind the mother's pubic bone. It can lead to serious complications for both the mother and the baby, such as brachial plexus injury or fetal hypoxia. Shoulder dystocia requires immediate intervention to prevent harm. Placenta previa (B) and umbilical cord prolapse (C) are complications related to the placenta and umbilical cord, not the delivery process itself. Cephalopelvic disproportion (D) refers to the mismatch between the size of the baby's head and the mother's pelvis, which may lead to difficulties in labor but is not a direct complication of vaginal delivery.
Which stage of labor is characterized by cervical dilation from 4-10 cm?
- A. First stage
- B. Second stage
- C. Third stage
- D. Fourth stage
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: First stage. This stage of labor is characterized by cervical dilation from 4-10 cm. During this stage, the cervix prepares for childbirth by thinning and opening up to allow the baby to pass through the birth canal. The first stage is further divided into early labor (0-4 cm dilation) and active labor (4-10 cm dilation). It is crucial for monitoring progress and determining when to move to the next stage of labor. The other choices are incorrect because the second stage is characterized by pushing and delivery of the baby, the third stage is delivery of the placenta, and the fourth stage is the postpartum period immediately after delivery.