Nokea
Which of the following imbalances should the nurse check for in a pregnant client with hypertension and cardiac dysrhythmias?
- A. Metabolic acidosis
- B. Hypomagnesemia
- C. Hypernatremia
- D. Hypercalcemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypomagnesemia is commonly associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension and can contribute to cardiac dysrhythmias. Magnesium plays a critical role in neuromuscular function and electrolyte balance.
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18. Melatonin’s use is based on scientific evidence. The patient with which problem would benefit from melatonin?
- A. Sleep problems
- B. Mild depression
- C. High cholesterol
- D. Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Melatonin is scientifically supported for addressing sleep problems (option A), such as insomnia or jet lag.
Which physical assessment finding should be reported to the physician?
- A. Pearly gray or pink tympanic membrane
- B. Dense, whitish ring at the circumference of the tympanum
- C. Bulging red or blue tympanic membrane
- D. A cone of light at the innermost part of the tympanum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A bulging red or blue tympanic membrane indicates acute otitis media or other serious conditions requiring medical intervention.
A client developed fat embolism syndrome (FES) following a fracture. Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Decreased serum calcium level
- B. Decreased level of serum lipids
- C. Decreased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
- D. Increased platelet count
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Decreased serum calcium level. In fat embolism syndrome (FES), fat globules enter the bloodstream and can cause hypocalcemia due to the formation of calcium soaps. This can lead to symptoms such as confusion and tetany. The other choices are incorrect because in FES, there is no direct impact on serum lipids or ESR. Platelet count may be normal or decreased due to the consumption of platelets in the process.
An inflammatory bowel disorder in which the patient develops abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, tenesmus (feeling of incomplete defecation), and weight loss is
- A. Crohn's disease.
- B. Diverticulitis.
- C. Ulcerative colitis.
- D. Appendicitis.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ulcerative colitis typically presents with these symptoms.
What is contraindicated for a client being treated for Ménière’s disease?
- A. Alcohol
- B. Smoking
- C. A high-protein diet
- D. Cough syrups and other CNS depressants
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: CNS depressants can worsen dizziness and imbalance associated with Ménière’s disease.