Nokea
Which of the following increases the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)?
- A. Overhydration
- B. Intake of vitamins
- C. Dehydration
- D. Vegetarian diet
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dehydration increases the risk for NMS, a potentially fatal reaction to antipsychotics. Overhydration, vitamins, and vegetarian diets do not directly contribute to NMS risk.
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When the client experiences facial flushing, a throbbing headache, nausea and vomiting after consuming alcohol while taking Disulfiram (Antabuse), the nurse is aware that this is due to which of the following?
- A. A mild side effect of the medication.
- B. The intended therapeutic result.
- C. An idiosyncratic reaction
- D. A severe allergy to the medication.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Disulfiram causes an adverse reaction when mixed with alcohol, producing symptoms like flushing, headache, nausea, and vomiting as the intended therapeutic effect to deter alcohol consumption.
Which one of the following drugs should the nurse expect the patient to require serum level monitoring?
- A. Anticonvulsants
- B. Wellbutrin
- C. Lithium
- D. Prozac
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Toxicity is closely related to serum lithium levels and can occur at therapeutic doses, necessitating periodic monitoring. Anticonvulsants also require monitoring, but lithium is the primary focus here.
A client on the unit suddenly cries out in fear. The nurse notices that the client's head is twisted to one side, his back is arched, and his eyes have rolled back in their sockets. The client has recently begun drug therapy with haloperidol (Haldol).
- A. Get a stat order for a serum drug level.
- B. Hold the client's medication until the symptoms subside.
- C. Place an urgent call to the client's physician.
- D. Give a PRN dose of benztropine (Cogentin).
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The client is experiencing an acute dystonic reaction, common with high-potency antipsychotics like haloperidol. Immediate treatment with an anticholinergic like benztropine provides rapid relief.
Which of the following is a neuromodulator?
- A. Neuropeptides
- B. Glutamate
- C. Dopamine
- D. GABA
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Neuropeptides are neuromodulators. Glutamate and dopamine are excitatory neurotransmitters. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter.
The nurse is educating a patient and family about strategies to minimize the side effects of antipsychotic drugs. Which of the following should be included in the plan?
- A. Drink plenty of fruit juice.
- B. Developing an exercise program is important.
- C. Increase foods high in fiber.
- D. Laxatives can be used as needed.
- E. Use sunscreen when outdoors.
- F. For missed doses, take double the dose at the next scheduled time.
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: Exercise and high-fiber foods help prevent constipation, and sunscreen is recommended due to photosensitivity. Fruit juice may contribute to weight gain, laxatives should be avoided, and doubling doses is incorrect.