Nokea
Which of the following interventions should be included in the nutrition care plan of the client with atherosclerosis?
- A. Limit sodium intake to 6 g per day
- B. Increase full-fat dairy products
- C. Increase saturated fats
- D. Increase daily intake of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Atherosclerosis plaque-laden arteries thrives on poor diet. Boosting vegetables, fruits, and whole grains slashes cholesterol and inflammation, slowing plaque via fiber and antioxidants, a cornerstone of cardiac nutrition. Sodium limits help hypertension, but 6 g exceeds heart-healthy goals (2.3 g). Full-fat dairy and saturated fats fuel plaque, worsening disease. Nurses push plant-based eating, aligning with evidence to reverse atherosclerosis's march, a proactive step over mere restriction in this vascular battle.
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Appropriate statements regarding markers of outcome after major surgery in England in 2014 include:
- A. Data about each hospital's complication rates after surgery are readily available.
- B. Data about each hospital's 30-day mortality after surgery are readily available.
- C. For most procedures, 90-day mortality rate are similar to 30-day mortality rates.
- D. National Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data are useful for monitoring the performance of units.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In 2014 England, surgical outcome transparency increased. Complication rates weren't universally published per hospital, varying by procedure and trust. However, 30-day mortality data were widely available, notably via NHS initiatives and specialty audits (e.g., National Joint Registry), reflecting short-term success. Ninety-day mortality often exceeds 30-day rates (e.g., in vascular surgery), capturing delayed deaths, so they're not typically similar. HES data, capturing inpatient episodes, help monitor trends and performance, though coding accuracy limits granularity. Weekend admission mortality was higher, per studies like 2015 BMJ, due to staffing and care differences. The availability of 30-day mortality data was a key quality metric, driving accountability and improvement in surgical care.
A nurse is caring for a client recently diagnosed with leukemia. Which of the following signs and symptoms are consistent with this diagnosis?
- A. Bone pain
- B. Bleeding gums
- C. Weight gain
- D. Increased urination
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Leukemia's marrow takeover bleeds out gums ooze from thrombocytopenia, a textbook sign as platelets tank. Bone pain hits from blasts crowding marrow; bruising tags along. Weight gain or urination spikes don't fit cachexia's more likely. Nurses watch bleeding, linking it to leukemia's hematologic havoc, a key clue in this cancer's brutal spread.
Oxygen radicals play a role in the development of which of the following options?
- A. Diabetic dyslipidaemia
- B. Insulin resistance
- C. Mitochondrial dysfunction
- D. B+C
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Oxygen radicals torch cells insulin resistance via inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction via damage. Dyslipidaemia rides along, not direct nurses see this duo, a chronic stress pair.
Which agent should not be part of the management of generalized tetanus?
- A. metronidazole
- B. penicillin
- C. midazolam
- D. tetanus immunoglobulin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tetanus penicillin's old school, metronidazole's better for Clostridium now; midazolam calms, Ig neutralizes, labetalol steadies. Nurses skip this chronic bug zapper.
A hospitalized client has a platelet count of 58,000/mm³. What action by the nurse is best?
- A. Implement fall precautions
- B. Encourage high-protein foods
- C. Limit visitors to healthy adults
- D. Institute neutropenic precautions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A platelet count of 58,000/mm³ below 150,000 signals thrombocytopenia, raising bleeding risk, especially from falls. Implementing fall precautions curbs trauma, preventing bleeds like intracranial hemorrhage, a practical priority over dietary tweaks. High-protein foods aid healing but don't address immediate danger. Limiting visitors or neutropenic precautions fits low WBCs, not platelets 58,000 isn't neutropenic (below 1,000 neutrophils). Nurses prioritize safety, making fall precautions the best action, directly mitigating this lab's implications in a hospitalized client prone to injury.