Nokea
Which of the following is a characteristic of a solution with high viscosity?
- A. It flows easily
- B. It has a low resistance to flow
- C. It has a high resistance to flow
- D. It does not mix with other liquids
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'It has a high resistance to flow.' A solution with high viscosity exhibits a high resistance to flow. Viscosity measures the fluid's resistance to deformation or flow, with higher viscosity indicating thicker and slower-flowing fluids. Choice A is incorrect because high viscosity means the solution flows slowly, not easily. Choice B is incorrect as high viscosity implies a high resistance to flow, not a low one. Choice D is irrelevant to viscosity and does not describe a characteristic associated with high viscosity.
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When light interacts with a perfectly smooth surface, like a mirror, the dominant interaction is:
- A. Refraction
- B. Diffraction
- C. Total internal reflection
- D. Specular reflection
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When light interacts with a perfectly smooth surface like a mirror, the dominant interaction is specular reflection. Specular reflection occurs when light rays are reflected off a smooth surface at the same angle as the incident angle, resulting in a clear and sharp reflection. Refraction, which involves the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another, is not the dominant interaction with a perfectly smooth surface. Diffraction, the bending of light waves around obstacles, is not the dominant interaction with smooth surfaces. Total internal reflection occurs when light is reflected back into a medium due to encountering a boundary at an angle greater than the critical angle, but it is not the dominant interaction on a perfectly smooth surface like a mirror.
What type of genetic testing can reveal an individual's susceptibility to certain diseases?
- A. Karyotyping
- B. Pharmacogenomics
- C. Paternity testing
- D. Microarray analysis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A) Karyotyping is a genetic test that examines an individual's chromosomes to detect abnormalities such as extra or missing chromosomes. It is not typically used to reveal an individual's susceptibility to certain diseases.
B) Pharmacogenomics is the study of how genes affect a person's response to drugs. It focuses on how genetic variations can influence drug response, rather than susceptibility to diseases.
C) Paternity testing is a genetic test used to determine the biological relationship between a child and an alleged father. It is not used to reveal an individual's susceptibility to diseases.
D) Microarray analysis is a type of genetic testing that can reveal an individual's susceptibility to certain diseases by analyzing variations in their DNA. It can identify genetic markers associated with increased risk for specific conditions, allowing for personalized risk assessment and preventive measures.
Which element has the same number of protons and neutrons?
- A. Carbon (C)
- B. Oxygen (O)
- C. Lithium (Li)
- D. Helium (He)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is Helium (He). Helium has an atomic number of 2, meaning it has 2 protons. It also has 2 neutrons, which gives it a total mass number of 4. Therefore, Helium is an example of an element with an equal number of protons and neutrons.
Choice A (Carbon) has 6 protons and usually has more neutrons than protons. Choice B (Oxygen) has 8 protons and 8 neutrons, so the numbers are not equal. Choice C (Lithium) has 3 protons and usually has more neutrons than protons, so it does not fit the criteria of having the same number of protons and neutrons.
What is a group of organisms of the same species living in a particular area called?
- A. Community
- B. Population
- C. Ecosystem
- D. Habitat
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A) Community refers to all the populations of different species living and interacting in a particular area. Since the question specifies organisms of the same species, community is not the correct answer. B) Population is a group of organisms of the same species living in a particular area. This term specifically refers to individuals of the same species and their interactions within a defined area. C) Ecosystem includes all the living organisms (biotic factors) and non-living components (abiotic factors) in a particular area and their interactions. While populations are part of an ecosystem, the term 'ecosystem' is broader and includes multiple populations. D) Habitat refers to the specific environment where an organism lives, including the physical and biological factors. It is the place where a population or individual organism resides, but it does not specifically refer to a group of organisms of the same species.
What hormone signals the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas?
- A. Gastrin
- B. Insulin
- C. Glucagon
- D. Secretin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A) Gastrin is a hormone that stimulates the release of gastric acid in the stomach, not digestive enzymes from the pancreas.
B) Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells, but it does not directly signal the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas.
C) Glucagon is another hormone produced by the pancreas that works opposite to insulin by increasing blood sugar levels, but it is not involved in signaling the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas.
D) Secretin is a hormone released by the small intestine in response to the presence of acidic chyme. It stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate to neutralize the acidity of the chyme and also triggers the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas to aid in digestion. Therefore, secretin is the hormone that signals the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas.