ATI TEAS Science Questions

ATI TEAS Science Questions Related

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Which of the following is a chief difference between evaporation and boiling?

  • A. Liquids boil only at the surface, while they evaporate equally throughout the liquid.
  • B. Evaporating substances change from liquid to gas, while boiling substances change from gas to liquid.
  • C. Evaporation can happen below a liquid's boiling point.
  • D. Evaporation happens in nature, while boiling is a man-made phenomenon.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The chief difference between evaporation and boiling is that evaporation can happen below a liquid's boiling point, while boiling only occurs at the liquid's boiling point. Evaporation is the process of a liquid turning into a gas at any temperature, while boiling specifically refers to the rapid vaporization that occurs when a liquid reaches its boiling point. Choice A is incorrect because liquids evaporate throughout the liquid, not just at the surface. Choice B is incorrect as evaporating substances change from liquid to gas, while boiling substances change from liquid to gas. Choice C is incorrect as boiling is not a man-made phenomenon; in fact, it is a natural process based on temperature changes. Choice D is incorrect because evaporation can happen naturally and is not limited to man-made processes.

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Where does mRNA translation typically occur?

  • A. On the ribosome
  • B. In the nucleus
  • C. In the cytoplasm
  • D. On the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: mRNA translation typically occurs on the ribosome. Ribosomes are the cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis. They read the mRNA sequence and assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain during translation. The correct answer is A. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. The nucleus is where mRNA is transcribed from DNA, while translation occurs in the cytoplasm on ribosomes. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein processing and transport but not in mRNA translation.

What is the major difference between somatic and germline mutations?

  • A. Somatic mutations usually benefit the individual while germline mutations usually harm them.
  • B. Since germline mutations only affect one cell, they are less noticeable than the rapidly dividing somatic cells.
  • C. Somatic mutations are not expressed for several generations, but germline mutations are expressed immediately.
  • D. Germline mutations are usually inherited while somatic mutations will affect only the individual.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The major difference between somatic and germline mutations is that germline mutations are usually inherited and can be passed on to offspring, while somatic mutations occur in non-reproductive cells and only affect the individual in which they occur. This means that germline mutations have the potential to be present in future generations, while somatic mutations do not.

What cells compose the epidermis?

  • A. Keratinocytes
  • B. Epithelial cells
  • C. Fibroblasts
  • D. Melanocytes
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A - Keratinocytes. The epidermis is primarily composed of keratinocytes, which are a type of epithelial cell. Keratinocytes synthesize the protein keratin, providing protection against physical damage and water loss. While epithelial cells are correct, specifying keratinocytes is more precise. Fibroblasts are not the main cell type in the epidermis; they are found in the dermis, where they produce collagen and other extracellular matrix components. Melanocytes are responsible for producing melanin pigment in the skin and are also present in the epidermis, but they are not the predominant cell type like keratinocytes.

What is a submicroscopic entity that is considered nonliving because it lacks cellular structure and consists of nucleic acids encapsulated in a protein coat called a capsid?

  • A. Bacteria
  • B. Fungus
  • C. Virus
  • D. Protozoa
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Virus. Viruses are not considered living organisms because they lack cellular structure. Instead, they are composed of nucleic acids (either DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein coat called a capsid. Bacteria (choice A), fungus (choice B), and protozoa (choice D) are all living organisms with cellular structures, unlike viruses. Therefore, they are incorrect choices for this question.

What breaks down into glucose to provide energy?

  • A. Lipids
  • B. Proteins
  • C. Carbohydrates
  • D. Nucleic acids
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose during digestion, providing energy for cellular processes through glycolysis and cellular respiration. Glucose is a primary source of energy for cells, and its breakdown is essential for powering various cellular activities. Lipids are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol, not glucose. Proteins are broken down into amino acids and are not a direct source of glucose. Nucleic acids are not broken down into glucose for energy production.

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