Nokea
Which of the following is a common oral manifestation of celiac disease characterized by enamel defects with horizontal or vertical grooves on the teeth?
- A. Dental caries
- B. Enamel hypoplasia
- C. Periodontal disease
- D. Oral candidiasis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Enamel hypoplasia is a common oral manifestation of celiac disease characterized by defects in the enamel of the teeth. These defects can appear as horizontal or vertical grooves on the teeth. Enamel hypoplasia is caused by disruptions in the formation of enamel during tooth development, leading to thin enamel or localized pitting. It can affect the appearance and strength of the teeth, making them more prone to sensitivity and breakdown. In individuals with celiac disease, enamel hypoplasia may occur due to malabsorption of essential nutrients like calcium and vitamin D. Therefore, when observing oral manifestations such as enamel defects with grooves, it is important to consider the possibility of celiac disease as an underlying cause.
You may also like to solve these questions
A pregnant woman presents with sudden onset of severe abdominal pain and dark red vaginal bleeding at 28 weeks gestation. On examination, the uterus is tender, and the fundus feels firm. Which of the following conditions is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
- A. Ectopic pregnancy
- B. Threatened abortion
- C. Placenta previa
- D. Abruptio placentae
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The most likely cause of the sudden onset of severe abdominal pain and dark red vaginal bleeding with a tender, firm uterus at 28 weeks gestation is abruptio placentae. Abruptio placentae, also known as placental abruption, is the premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall before delivery. This condition can be life-threatening to both the mother and the fetus, as it can lead to severe bleeding and compromise the oxygen and nutrients supply to the fetus. The presentation typically includes severe abdominal pain, dark red or maroon vaginal bleeding, uterine tenderness, and a firm uterus due to the blood accumulation behind the placenta. Prompt recognition and intervention are crucial to prevent adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.
A nurse is preparing to perform a bedside bronchoscopy procedure for a patient. What action should the nurse take to ensure patient safety during the procedure?
- A. Administering sedation to the patient before the bronchoscopy
- B. Obtaining informed consent from the patient or their legal representative
- C. Skipping the use of topical anesthesia to minimize patient discomfort
- D. Allowing the patient to eat or drink up to one hour before the procedure
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to ensure patient safety during a bedside bronchoscopy procedure is to obtain informed consent from the patient or their legal representative. Informed consent is a vital ethical and legal requirement before any medical procedure. It ensures that the patient understands the risks, benefits, and alternatives of the procedure, as well as gives the patient the authority to make decisions about their healthcare. By obtaining informed consent, the nurse ensures that the patient has been properly informed and agrees to undergo the bronchoscopy, which promotes patient autonomy and safety. Administering sedation, using topical anesthesia, and restricting food intake are also important aspects of bronchoscopy preparation, but obtaining informed consent is the primary action to prioritize patient safety.
In planning the care of the elderly, which should be the important consideration that Nurse Gina has to consider _____.
- A. The educational qualification
- B. Family support
- C. Activities of daily liiving
- D. Residence of the elderly
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Family support is a crucial consideration when planning the care of the elderly. The availability of family members to provide emotional support, assistance with daily activities, and decision-making can greatly impact the overall well-being of the elderly individual. Family support can help reduce feelings of isolation, ensure that the elderly person's needs are being met, and provide a sense of security and comfort. Additionally, involving family members in the care planning process can help create a collaborative and comprehensive care approach that considers the preferences and values of the elderly person. Considering the level of family support is essential for creating a care plan that meets the unique needs and circumstances of each elderly individual.
The inappropriate use of restraints or seclusion is considered which form of intentional tort?
- A. False imprisonment
- B. Assault
- C. Battery
- D. Causation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The inappropriate use of restraints or seclusion is considered a form of false imprisonment, which is an intentional tort. False imprisonment occurs when someone intentionally restricts another person's freedom of movement without their consent or legal justification. In healthcare settings, using restraints or seclusion inappropriately on a patient can constitute false imprisonment if it is not done for the safety of the patient or others and without proper authorization. This act can lead to legal consequences and liabilities for healthcare providers.
A woman in active labor is receiving intravenous antibiotics for group B streptococcus (GBS) prophylaxis. What maternal assessment finding indicates a potential adverse reaction to the antibiotics?
- A. Respiratory depression
- B. Urticaria and pruritus
- C. Hypertension
- D. Decreased uterine contractility
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Urticaria (hives) and pruritus (itching) are common signs of an allergic reaction to antibiotics, including those used for GBS prophylaxis during labor. Other signs of an adverse reaction may include flushing, fever, chills, and anaphylaxis. It is important to monitor the woman closely for any signs of an allergic reaction and to intervene promptly if one occurs to ensure the safety of both the mother and the baby.