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Which of the following is a common physical sign of anorexia nervosa?
- A. Hypoglycemia and tachycardia.
- B. Severe weight loss and dry skin.
- C. Increased appetite and excessive weight gain.
- D. High blood pressure and rapid heart rate.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Severe weight loss and dry skin. In anorexia nervosa, individuals typically experience significant weight loss due to severe restriction of food intake. This leads to a low body weight, which is a key physical sign of the disorder. Dry skin is also common in anorexia nervosa due to malnutrition.
Rationale:
A: Hypoglycemia and tachycardia are not specific physical signs of anorexia nervosa. While tachycardia (rapid heart rate) can occur due to the stress on the body, it is not as specific as severe weight loss.
C: Increased appetite and excessive weight gain are not characteristic of anorexia nervosa, as individuals with this disorder typically have a distorted body image and fear gaining weight.
D: High blood pressure and rapid heart rate are not typical physical signs of anorexia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa is more commonly associated with low blood pressure due to mal
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The nurse is answering questions from a client and his family regarding a recent diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. The client asks how effective medication is in treating the disease. What is the nurse's best response?
- A. There is no cure or treatment for Alzheimer's disease.'
- B. Medications have shown little improvement in symptoms.'
- C. Medications for the disease have been found to improve thinking abilities, behavior, and daily functioning in some clients.'
- D. Alternative therapies, such as co-enzyme Q-10 and Ginkgo biloba, are more effective than any of the prescription medications used to treat the symptoms.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because medications for Alzheimer's disease, such as cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine, have been found to improve thinking abilities, behavior, and daily functioning in some clients. These medications can help manage symptoms and slow down the progression of the disease. Option A is incorrect because while there is no cure for Alzheimer's disease, there are treatments available. Option B is incorrect as medications have shown some efficacy in managing symptoms. Option D is incorrect as there is limited scientific evidence to support the effectiveness of alternative therapies compared to prescription medications for Alzheimer's disease.
Which aspect of assessment has priority when a nurse interviews a rape victim?
- A. Coping mechanisms the patient is using
- B. The patient's previous sexual experiences
- C. Adequacy of the patient's interpersonal relationships
- D. Whether the patient has ever had a sexually transmitted disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Coping mechanisms the patient is using. This aspect has priority because it helps the nurse assess the immediate emotional and psychological impact of the trauma on the victim. Understanding coping mechanisms can guide the nurse in providing appropriate support and interventions. Choice B is incorrect as past sexual experiences are not as pertinent during the immediate assessment of a rape victim. Choice C is incorrect as assessing interpersonal relationships may not be a priority during the initial interview. Choice D is incorrect as the presence of a sexually transmitted disease is not the primary concern when assessing a rape victim.
What is the primary concern when caring for a patient with bulimia nervosa who has been purging regularly?
- A. Managing the patient's weight gain.
- B. Assessing for complications related to electrolyte imbalances.
- C. Encouraging exercise to offset caloric intake.
- D. Promoting food restriction to control binge eating.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Assessing for complications related to electrolyte imbalances. This is the primary concern when caring for a patient with bulimia nervosa who has been purging regularly because purging behaviors, such as self-induced vomiting or laxative abuse, can lead to severe electrolyte imbalances which can be life-threatening. Electrolyte imbalances can result in cardiac arrhythmias, muscle weakness, and other serious complications. Managing weight gain (A), encouraging exercise (C), and promoting food restriction (D) are not appropriate approaches as they can exacerbate the patient's unhealthy behaviors and may worsen their condition. It is crucial to prioritize assessing and addressing electrolyte imbalances to ensure the patient's safety and well-being.
An expected outcome for a client who hears voices telling him he is evil would be that by discharge, client will:
- A. Verbalize the reason the voices say he is evil
- B. Respond verbally to the voices
- C. Identify events that increase anxiety and promote hallucinations
- D. Integrate the voices into his personality structure in a positive manner
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it focuses on addressing the underlying causes of the client's experience of hearing voices and feeling evil. By identifying events that increase anxiety and promote hallucinations, the client can work on reducing these triggers and managing his symptoms effectively. This approach is key for long-term improvement and recovery.
A: Verbalizing the reason the voices say he is evil does not address the root cause of the hallucinations and may not lead to effective coping strategies.
B: Responding verbally to the voices may not be therapeutic and could potentially reinforce the hallucinations.
D: Integrating the voices into his personality structure in a positive manner is not a recommended approach as it could lead to further distress and potentially harmful behaviors.
False beliefs that are held even when the facts contradict them are called
- A. fantasies
- B. hallucinations
- C. illusions
- D. delusions
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Delusions are fixed false beliefs resistant to contradictory evidence, unlike hallucinations (perceptions).