Nokea
Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?
- A. Vitamin C
- B. Vitamin D
- C. Vitamin B-6
- D. Riboflavin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin D. Fat-soluble vitamins are those that can be stored in the body, allowing excess amounts to be stored for later use. While this storage ability can help prevent deficiencies, it also poses a risk of toxicity. The fat-soluble vitamins are A, E, D, and K. Choice A, Vitamin C, is water-soluble, not fat-soluble. Choice C, Vitamin B-6, and Choice D, Riboflavin, are also water-soluble vitamins and not fat-soluble.
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A client is complaining of pain that starts in the shoulder and travels down the length of his arm. This type of pain is referred to as:
- A. Referred pain
- B. Superficial pain
- C. Radiating pain
- D. Precipitating pain
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Radiating pain is the correct term for pain that originates in one part of the body and extends to other related areas. In this scenario, the pain starting in the shoulder and traveling down the arm describes radiating pain. Referred pain (Choice A) is pain felt at a site different from the actual origin of the pain. Superficial pain (Choice B) is pain that arises from the skin or tissues just beneath it. Precipitating pain (Choice D) refers to pain that is triggered by specific actions or events, not the characteristic described in the question.
Which of the following statements best describes substance P?
- A. Substance P decreases a client's sensitivity to pain
- B. Substance P levels are drawn before administration of narcotic analgesics
- C. Substance P is found in the brain and is responsible for pain control and management of depression
- D. Substance P is found in the dorsal horn of the spinal column
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Substance P is a neurotransmitter found in the brain and the dorsal horn of the spinal column, not just in the brain. It is associated with pain transmission and modulation. Substance P is known to cause inflammation, edema, and pain. While it plays a role in pain perception, it does not decrease a client's sensitivity to pain (Choice A), nor are its levels typically drawn before administering narcotic analgesics (Choice B). Although substance P is involved in pain control, it is not responsible for managing depression (Choice C). Therefore, the correct statement is that substance P is found in the dorsal horn of the spinal column.
You are working the 8 am to 4 pm shift. You begin to vomit at 3 pm and you do not think that you are able to continue working. You decide to immediately go home without notifying your RN supervisor. You have ________________.
- A. enough sick time, so this is not a problem.
- B. finished all your work, so this is not a problem.
- C. seriously abandoned the patients.
- D. seriously abused and neglected the patients.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Patient abandonment is a serious violation that can lead to disciplinary action and immediate termination of employment. It is defined as leaving patients without proper consent from the supervisor. In this scenario, leaving work without notifying the RN supervisor and potentially leaving patients unattended is considered patient abandonment, as it compromises patient safety and care. Choices A and B are incorrect because having sick time or finishing work does not justify leaving without proper protocol. Choice D is incorrect as the scenario does not indicate abuse or neglect towards the patients.
Which of the following is an example of physical abuse?
- A. A slap to the person's hand
- B. Threatening the person
- C. Ignoring and isolating a person
- D. Leaving a patient soiled for hours
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 'A slap to the person's hand.' Slapping, hitting, and punching are clear examples of physical abuse. Physical abuse involves actions that can cause physical harm or injury to a person. Choice B, 'Threatening the person,' falls under the category of emotional or psychological abuse, where threats can cause fear and emotional distress but do not involve physical harm. Choice C, 'Ignoring and isolating a person,' is a form of neglect or emotional abuse, not physical abuse. Choice D, 'Leaving a patient soiled for hours,' is an example of neglect or lack of proper care, which is also not classified as physical abuse.
The supervising RN asks you to bring the unit's collected lab specimens to the lab 'stat'. You should ______________.
- A. not decline this task because nurses do not handle 'stats'.
- B. run this errand as promptly as possible
- C. run this errand immediately and without delay
- D. Complete this task before the end of your shift or after your lunch.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In healthcare settings, 'stat' is commonly used to indicate that something should be done immediately and without any delay. It is a critical term used to prioritize urgent tasks. Nurses are responsible for various tasks, including handling urgent requests such as transporting lab specimens promptly. Option A is incorrect as nurses can handle urgent tasks like 'stats'. Option B is not as specific as option C, which clearly emphasizes the need for immediate action. Option D is incorrect as it suggests delaying the task until later, which goes against the urgency implied by the term 'stat'.