Nokea
Which of the following is a pharmacologic treatment option for a client with dilated cardiomyopathy?
- A. Phentermine
- B. Digoxin
- C. Anticholinergic
- D. Diuretics
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dilated cardiomyopathy's floppy pump pools fluid diuretics drain it, easing strain, a key med fix. Digoxin aids contractility, phentermine's for weight, anticholinergics dry secretions none match diuretics' punch. Nurses lean on this, cutting preload, a cornerstone in this stretched heart's care.
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The nurse is preparing an adolescent diagnosed with leukemia for a lumbar puncture. The nurse determines that the child understands the reason for the procedure when the child states that the procedure is done to:
- A. Make sure I don't have meningitis along with my cancer.
- B. Relieve some of the pressure on my brain.
- C. Remove the blood cancer cells so I don't have to have surgery.
- D. Check to see if the cancer has spread through my spinal cord and brain.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A lumbar puncture (LP) in leukemia is performed to collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to check for central nervous system (CNS) involvement cancer cells spreading to the spinal cord and brain a critical staging step that influences treatment, like intrathecal chemotherapy. The adolescent's statement about checking for spread reflects accurate understanding, essential for informed consent and reducing anxiety through clarity. Ruling out meningitis is a possible LP use, but in leukemia, CNS metastasis is the primary concern unless symptoms suggest infection. Relieving brain pressure applies to conditions like hydrocephalus, not leukemia's typical presentation. Removing cancer cells via LP isn't a treatment; it's diagnostic. The nurse's confirmation of this understanding ensures the child is prepared, aligning with pediatric oncology's emphasis on patient education and procedural readiness.
During the teaching session for a patient who has a new diagnosis of acute leukemia, the patient is restless and looks away without making eye contact. The patient asks the nurse to repeat the information about the complications associated with chemotherapy. Based on this assessment, which nursing diagnosis is appropriate for the patient?
- A. Risk for ineffective adherence to treatment related to denial of need for chemotherapy
- B. Acute confusion related to infiltration of leukemia cells into the central nervous system
- C. Deficient knowledge: chemotherapy related to a lack of interest in learning about treatment
- D. Risk for ineffective health maintenance related to possible anxiety about leukemia diagnosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: New leukemia diagnosis plus restlessness and repeat requests scream anxiety risk for ineffective health maintenance' fits, as it ties to coping, not denial , brain infiltration , or disinterest . Nurses in oncology spot this fear fogs learning, needing slower, calmer teaching to stick.
Renal failure is the second cause of death in patients with diabetes mellitus. Question: What is the end (histological) stage in the development of diabetic nephropathy?
- A. Arteriolar hyalinosis
- B. GBM thickening
- C. Kimmerstiel Wilson lesions
- D. Mesangial matrix expansion
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Diabetic nephropathy's end Kimmerstiel Wilson nodules scar kidneys, past thickening or expansion. Nurses dread this, a chronic renal doom mark.
Which of the following medication is recommended for all patients with NAFLD in improving liver histology?
- A. Statins
- B. Aspirins
- C. Ursodeoxycholic acid
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: NAFLD no med fits all; statins, aspirin, ursodiol, E lack universal proof. Nurses skip this chronic blanket pill.
Oxygen radicals play a role in the development of which of the following options?
- A. Diabetic dyslipidaemia
- B. Insulin resistance
- C. Mitochondrial dysfunction
- D. B+C
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Oxygen radicals torch cells insulin resistance via inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction via damage. Dyslipidaemia rides along, not direct nurses see this duo, a chronic stress pair.