Nokea
Which of the following is a primary benefit of the use of computerized provider order entry for patient medications?
- A. Reduces time that prescribing drugs takes
- B. Eliminates the need to chart drugs prescribed
- C. Decreases prescribing and transcription errors
- D. Helps keep the number of drugs prescribed to a minimum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Computerized provider order entry reduces errors in prescribing and transcription.
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Adequate vitamin D is needed for:
- A. Absorption of calcium from the gastrointestinal tract
- B. Regulation of serum calcium levels
- C. Regulation of serum phosphate levels
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Vitamin D facilitates calcium absorption, regulates serum calcium, and maintains phosphate levels.
Ototoxicity is more likely if aminoglycosides are administered with which of the following drug classes?
- A. Loop diuretics
- B. Metformin
- C. Vancomycin
- D. Cephalosporins
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide) enhance aminoglycoside ototoxicity by increasing inner ear damage risk.
Josefina is a 2-year-old child with acute otitis media and an upper respiratory infection. Along with an antibiotic she receives a recommendation to treat the ear pain with ibuprofen. What education would her parent need regarding ibuprofen?
- A. They can cut an adult ibuprofen tablet in half to give Josefina
- B. The ibuprofen dose can be doubled for severe pain
- C. Josefina needs to be well-hydrated while taking ibuprofen
- D. Ibuprofen is completely safe in children with no known adverse effects
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hydration reduces ibuprofen's renal risk in kids; cutting tablets or doubling is unsafe.
The nurse caring for a patient who has tuberculosis and who is taking isoniazid, rifampin, and streptomycin reviews the medical record and notes the patient's sputum cultures reveal resistance to streptomycin. The nurse will anticipate that the provider will take which action?
- A. Add ethambutol (Myambutol)
- B. Change the streptomycin to clarithromycin
- C. Change the streptomycin to kanamycin
- D. Order renal function tests
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Kanamycin replaces streptomycin in phase I resistance; ethambutol is for INH resistance, and clarithromycin is phase II. The patient's current regimen is first-phase treatment. If resistance to streptomycin develops, the provider can change to kanamycin or to ciprofloxacin.
What needs to happen to the protein-drug complex for the drugs to reach the cells where the drug can act?
- A. The protein-drug complex must break itself into smaller pieces to enter the capillaries.
- B. The binding site on the protein picks up a chemical to make it soluble in the serum.
- C. The drug must break away from the protein-binding site and float freely.
- D. The drug must be dissolved in the plasma so it can enter the capillaries and then the tissues.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Most drugs are bound, to some extent, to proteins in the blood to be carried into circulation. The protein-drug complex is relatively large and cannot enter into capillaries and then into tissues to react. The drug must be freed from the protein's binding site at the tissues. This occurs without the introduction of another chemical or by dissolving in it plasma.