Nokea
Bisphosphonates treat or prevent osteoporosis by:
- A. Inhibiting osteoclastic activity
- B. Fostering bone resorption
- C. Enhancing calcium uptake in the bone
- D. Strengthening the osteoclastic proton pump
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bisphosphonates inhibit osteoclasts, reducing bone resorption; they don't foster resorption or enhance uptake .
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A nurse is preparing to administer a prescribed drug. Which information about the drug would be most important for the nurse to know?
- A. Normal dosage range
- B. Special precautions in administration
- C. Drug's most common adverse effects
- D. All the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse must have factual knowledge of each drug given, the reason for use of the drug, the drug's general action, the more common adverse reactions associated with the drug, special precautions in administration (if any), and the normal dose ranges.
Which of the following is a primary benefit of the use of computerized provider order entry for patient medications?
- A. Reduces time that prescribing drugs takes
- B. Eliminates the need to chart drugs prescribed
- C. Decreases prescribing and transcription errors
- D. Helps keep the number of drugs prescribed to a minimum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Computerized provider order entry reduces errors in prescribing and transcription.
A patient is brought to the emergency department after ingesting an overdose of lorazepam (Ativan) several hours prior. The patient has a respiratory rate of 6 to 10 breaths per minute and is unconscious. The nurse will prepare to perform which action?
- A. Administer activated charcoal
- B. Give flumazenil (Romazicon)
- C. Give naloxone (Narcan)
- D. Perform gastric lavage
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Flumazenil reverses benzodiazepine (lorazepam) overdose; naloxone is for opioids. Flumazenil is the antidote for benzodiazepine overdose.
The home health care nurse is visiting a client who was recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The client is prescribed repaglinide (Prandin) and metformin (Glucophage) and asks the nurse to explain these medications. The nurse should reinforce which instructions to the client?(Select one that does not apply.).
- A. Diarrhea can occur secondary to the metformin.
- B. The repaglinide is not taken if a meal is skipped.
- C. The repaglinide is taken 30 minutes before eating.
- D. Candy or another simple sugar is carried and used to treat mild hyperglycemia episodes.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Repaglinide is a rapid-acting oral hypoglycemic agent that stimulates pancreatic insulin secretion that should be taken before meals, and that should be withheld if the client does not eat. Hypoglycemia is a side effect of repaglinide and the client should always be prepared by carrying a simple sugar with her or him at all times. Metformin is an oral hypoglycemic given in combination with repaglinide and works by decreasing hepatic glucose production. A common side effect of metformin is diarrhea. Correct answers include: 1, 2, 3, 4.
Which of the following adverse effects of chronic high-dose prednisone administration represents a mineralocorticoid effect?
- A. Buffalo hump
- B. Easy bruising
- C. Edema
- D. Moon facies
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Edema is a mineralocorticoid effect of prednisone due to sodium and water retention.