Nokea
A nurse has received an order to administer two drugs at the same time of the day. The nurse should first:
- A. Wash her hands before handling the medications
- B. Consult a drug guide for compatibility
- C. Question the patient concerning drug allergies
- D. Identify the patient by checking the armband and asking the patient to state his or her name
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Consulting a drug guide for compatibility is critical to avoid adverse interactions when administering two drugs simultaneously. Hand washing, allergy checks, and patient identification are also essential but follow ensuring drug compatibility to prevent harm.
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It is often necessary to obtain baseline data prior to initiating many forms of drug therapy. These baseline data include what? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Education level
- B. Allergies
- C. Drug use
- D. Number of members in family
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Baseline data like education level , allergies , and drug use inform safe therapy; family size and father's occupation are less relevant.
When involved in phase III drug evaluation studies, what responsibilities would the nurse have?
- A. Working with animals who are given experimental drugs
- B. Choosing appropriate patients to be involved in the drug study
- C. Monitoring and observing patients closely for adverse effects
- D. Conducting research to determine effectiveness of the drug
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Phase III studies involve use of a drug in a vast clinical population in which patients are asked to record any symptoms they experience while taking the drugs. Nurses may be responsible for helping collect and analyze the information to be shared with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) but would not conduct research independently because nurses do not prescribe medications. Use of animals in drug testing is done in the preclinical trials. Select patients who are involved in phase II studies to participate in studies where the participants have the disease the drug is intended to treat. These patients are monitored closely for drug action and adverse effects. Phase I studies involve healthy human volunteers who are usually paid for their participation. Nurses may observe for adverse effects and toxicity.
Methanol causes blindness due to its
- A. Hypersensitivity reactions
- B. Conjugated products
- C. Idiosyncratic reaction
- D. Oxidative products
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Methanol's metabolite, formic acid (oxidative product), damages the optic nerve, causing blindness.
What needs to happen to the protein-drug complex for the drugs to reach the cells where the drug can act?
- A. The protein-drug complex must break itself into smaller pieces to enter the capillaries.
- B. The binding site on the protein picks up a chemical to make it soluble in the serum.
- C. The drug must break away from the protein-binding site and float freely.
- D. The drug must be dissolved in the plasma so it can enter the capillaries and then the tissues.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Most drugs are bound, to some extent, to proteins in the blood to be carried into circulation. The protein-drug complex is relatively large and cannot enter into capillaries and then into tissues to react. The drug must be freed from the protein's binding site at the tissues. This occurs without the introduction of another chemical or by dissolving in it plasma.
A nurse in a clinic is caring for a group of clients. The nurse should contact the provider about a potential contraindication to a medication for which of the following clients?
- A. A client at 8 weeks of gestation who asks for an influenza immunization
- B. A client who takes Prednisolone and has a no fungal infection
- C. A client who has chronic liver disease and is taking hydrocortone
- D. A client who has Peptic Ulcer Disease, takes Sucralfate, and tells the nurse she has started taking OTC Aluminum Hydroxide
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prednisolone worsens fungal infections, hydrocortisone is risky in liver disease, and warfarin with pregnancy increases bleeding risk.