Nokea
Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of ovarian cancer?
- A. Multiparity
- B. Use of oral contraceptives
- C. Early age at menarche
- D. Family history of breast cancer
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A family history of breast cancer is a known risk factor for the development of ovarian cancer. Individuals with a close relative (such as a mother, sister, or daughter) who has had breast cancer have a higher risk of developing ovarian cancer. This increased risk is due to shared genetic factors that can predispose individuals to both breast and ovarian cancers. Therefore, having a family history of breast cancer is an important risk factor to consider in the assessment of ovarian cancer risk.
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In her capacity to teach, the nurse describes the changes of the uterus after childbirth to return to a nonpregnant state as _____
- A. catabolism
- B. subinvolution
- C. contraction of muscle fibers
- D. Involution
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Involution refers to the process of the uterus returning to its nonpregnant state after childbirth. During pregnancy, the uterus undergoes significant changes and enlarges to accommodate the growing fetus. After childbirth, the uterus begins to contract, leading to a decrease in its size and a return to its pre-pregnant state. This process involves the shedding of the excess endometrial tissue and the reduction of the size of the uterine muscle fibers. It is a normal and essential process for postpartum recovery. Failure of the uterus to undergo proper involution is known as subinvolution, which can lead to complications such as postpartum hemorrhage.
Nurses agree to be advocates for their patients. Practice of advocacy calls for the nurse to:
- A. Seek out the nursing supervisor in conflicting situations
- B. Work to understand the law as it applies to the client's clinical condition.
- C. Assess the client's point of view and prepare to articulate this point of view.
- D. Document all clinical changes in the medical record in a timely manner.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The practice of advocacy in nursing involves assessing the client's point of view and preparing to articulate this viewpoint. Advocacy requires that nurses actively listen to their patients, understand their perspectives, and ensure that their needs and wishes are communicated effectively within the healthcare team. By advocating for the client's point of view, nurses can help empower their patients to make informed decisions about their care and ensure that their best interests are always prioritized.
Nurses usually complain they have no personal life because of rotating shifts The following are three major ways to create personal time, ЕХСЕРТ _____.
- A. delegate work to others
- B. fill every moment with tasks or chores
- C. eliminate tasks that add no value
- D. hire someone else to do the work
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: To create personal time as a nurse with rotating shifts, it is important to prioritize personal well-being and make time for oneself. By eliminating tasks that add no value, nurses can streamline their workload and focus on essential responsibilities. This can help in reducing unnecessary stress and allowing for more personal time outside of work. Delegating work to others and filling every moment with tasks or chores may not necessarily create personal time, as it can keep nurses constantly busy and overwhelmed. Hiring someone else to do the work may not always be feasible or practical in a nursing setting, but by eliminating non-essential tasks, nurses can better manage their time and have more opportunities for personal activities and self-care.
A patient presents with a yellowish-white spot on the cornea, surrounded by a ring of inflammation. Slit-lamp examination reveals branching, filamentous opacities extending from the corneal lesion. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
- A. Herpes simplex keratitis
- B. Bacterial keratitis
- C. Fungal keratitis
- D. Acanthamoeba keratitis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The described presentation of a yellowish-white spot on the cornea with a ring of inflammation, along with branching, filamentous opacities extending from the corneal lesion, is characteristic of fungal keratitis. Fungal keratitis typically presents with these specific features on clinical examination.
A patient with a history of multiple myeloma presents with weakness, bone pain, and recurrent infections. Laboratory tests reveal anemia, hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, and monoclonal spike on serum protein electrophoresis. Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause these findings?
- A. Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
- B. Hodgkin lymphoma
- C. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
- D. Multiple myeloma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell neoplasm characterized by the presence of abnormal monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow, which produce a monoclonal spike on serum protein electrophoresis. The clinical presentation of weakness, bone pain, and recurrent infections is typical of multiple myeloma. Anemia can result from bone marrow infiltration by the abnormal plasma cells, hypercalcemia is due to bone destruction and release of calcium, renal insufficiency can result from hypercalcemia and protein deposition in the kidneys, and the monoclonal spike in serum protein electrophoresis indicates the presence of a monoclonal protein. Waldenström macroglobulinemia, Hodgkin lymphoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia do not typically present with the classic tetrad of findings seen in multiple myeloma.