Nokea
Which of the following is a self-conscious emotion?
- A. guilt
- B. happiness
- C. interest
- D. fear
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, guilt. Guilt is a self-conscious emotion that involves reflecting on one's actions and feeling remorse. Self-conscious emotions are those that require self-reflection and self-evaluation. Choices B, C, and D are not self-conscious emotions. Happiness and fear are not self-conscious emotions as they do not necessarily involve self-reflection. Interest is not a self-conscious emotion but rather a feeling of curiosity or attraction towards something.
You may also like to solve these questions
During adolescence, the young person's vision of self becomes __________.
- A. more inconsistent
- B. more well-organized
- C. less complex
- D. unbalanced
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: During adolescence, self-concept becomes more organized and consistent as individuals integrate different aspects of their identity. This process involves understanding oneself better, recognizing strengths and weaknesses, and forming a more coherent sense of identity. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because adolescence is typically a period of increased self-awareness and growth, leading to a more structured and integrated self-concept, rather than one that is inconsistent, less complex, or unbalanced.
Nine-month-old Avery can retrieve his ball when his mother hides it under a blanket. Avery has begun to master __________.
- A. the tertiary circular reaction
- B. reflexive schemes
- C. object permanence
- D. deferred imitation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Avery demonstrating the ability to retrieve his ball hidden under a blanket indicates that he has started to understand object permanence. Object permanence is the concept that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight. This milestone typically occurs around 8-12 months of age. The other choices are incorrect. Option A, the tertiary circular reaction, is related to Piaget's theory of sensorimotor development but does not specifically address object permanence. Reflexive schemes (Option B) refer to simple, reflex-like behaviors and are not directly linked to object permanence. Deferred imitation (Option D) involves the ability to imitate actions observed at an earlier time, which is a different developmental milestone compared to object permanence.
Today, Albert Bandura's theory stresses the importance of __________.
- A. behavior modification
- B. punishment
- C. cognition
- D. reinforcement
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Albert Bandura's theory emphasizes the role of cognition in learning through observation. It highlights the significance of mental processes such as attention, memory, and motivation in shaping behavior. Choice A, behavior modification, focuses more on changing specific behaviors through various techniques. Choice B, punishment, involves the application of negative consequences to reduce the likelihood of a behavior occurring. Choice D, reinforcement, centers on the use of rewards or punishments to increase or decrease the probability of a behavior.
According to Erikson, the major personality attainment of adolescence is __________.
- A. trust
- B. identity
- C. autonomy
- D. intimacy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the major personality attainment of adolescence is identity. During adolescence, individuals go through a stage called 'Identity vs. Role Confusion,' where they explore different roles and develop a sense of self. Trust (choice A) is associated with the first stage of Erikson's theory, autonomy (choice C) is linked to the toddler stage, and intimacy (choice D) is a key aspect of the young adulthood stage.
Most cognitive aging research has focused on intellectual ________.
- A. stability
- B. gains
- C. competence
- D. deficits
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'D: deficits.' Most cognitive aging research has indeed focused on deficits rather than stability, gains, or competence. Studies have consistently shown that deficits in processing speed and memory are common in aging individuals, making it a primary area of interest in research. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because cognitive aging research primarily aims to understand and address deficits associated with aging rather than focusing on stability, gains, or overall competence.