Nokea
Which of the following is a symptom of menopause?
- A. Bleeding per vagina
- B. Sleeping all the time
- C. Insomnia
- D. Increased concentration
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Insomnia is a common symptom of menopause. During menopause, hormonal changes can lead to sleep disturbances, including difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep. Choice A, 'Bleeding per vagina,' is not a typical symptom of menopause but should prompt further evaluation. Choice B, 'Sleeping all the time,' is not a common symptom of menopause; in fact, insomnia, rather than excessive sleep, is more prevalent. Choice D, 'Increased concentration,' is not a symptom of menopause; cognitive changes like forgetfulness or difficulty concentrating may occur, but increased concentration is not a typical manifestation.
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The _________ is a temporary organ that connects a mammalian mother to its foetus.
- A. Placenta
- B. Chorion
- C. Endometrium
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Placenta. The placenta is a temporary organ that connects a mammalian mother to its foetus. It plays a crucial role in facilitating the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste between the mother and the developing baby. Choice B, Chorion, is incorrect as it is a part of the fetal membrane but not the organ that connects the mother to the fetus. Choice C, Endometrium, is incorrect as it is the lining of the uterus where implantation occurs but is not the organ responsible for connecting the mother to the fetus. Choice D, None of the above, is incorrect as the placenta specifically fits the description provided in the question.
What is required for privacy in reproductive health services?
- A. Covering windows and placing partitions between examination areas.
- B. Placing examination tables so that women will be exposed during exams.
- C. Allowing healthcare staff to discuss patients openly in the clinic.
- D. Forcing patients to undergo procedures without proper explanation.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Privacy in reproductive health services necessitates maintaining confidentiality and creating a private environment for patients. This includes covering windows and using partitions between examination areas to protect the patient's privacy. Choice B is incorrect as it suggests exposing women during exams, which violates privacy. Choice C is incorrect because discussing patients openly breaches confidentiality. Choice D is incorrect as it goes against informed consent and proper communication, which are essential components of respecting patient autonomy and privacy.
Culdoscopy is a procedure performed to examine the rectouterine pouch and pelvic viscera through:
- A. The posterior vaginal wall
- B. The anterior vaginal wall
- C. The abdominal wall
- D. The rectal wall
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Culdoscopy is a procedure that involves examining the rectouterine pouch and pelvic viscera through the posterior vaginal wall. This approach allows direct visualization and access to the pelvic area. The other choices are incorrect because culdoscopy specifically involves entering through the posterior vaginal wall to reach the specified anatomical structures. The anterior vaginal wall, abdominal wall, and rectal wall are not the access points used in culdoscopy.
Complete abortion is characterized by:
- A. Os closed.
- B. Firm contracted uterus.
- C. Heavy bleeding.
- D. Heavy cramping.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Complete abortion is characterized by a firm contracted uterus with a closed os. This closure of the os indicates that the products of conception have been completely expelled from the uterus. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because a firm contracted uterus with a closed os is the hallmark sign of a complete abortion, not heavy bleeding, heavy cramping, or any other features.
Polymenorrhoea is defined as:
- A. Menstruation that occurs at an interval less than 35 days
- B. Menstruation that occurs at an interval greater than 35 days
- C. Menstruation that occurs at an interval less than 21 days
- D. Menstruation that occurs at an interval greater than 21 days
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Polymenorrhoea is defined as menstruation that occurs at intervals shorter than 21 days. Choice A is incorrect because it describes menstruation at intervals less than 35 days. Choice B is incorrect as it describes menstruation at intervals greater than 35 days. Choice D is incorrect as it describes menstruation at intervals greater than 21 days.