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Which of the following is a technique used to address stuttering?
- A. Purposeful speech
- B. Practical speech
- C. Delayed speech
- D. Prolonged speech
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Prolonged Speech: A technique teaching new speech patterns to address stuttering, altering phrasing, articulation, and respiratory patterns.
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A woman with Alzheimer's disease has significant apraxia and poor hygiene. Which intervention would be most appropriate for ensuring that the patient completes a shower?
- A. Remind her of the need for a shower and where the shower is, and repeat this every 30 minutes until the shower is completed.
- B. Discuss with her the importance of showers as part of daily self-care, and elicit and resolve any obstacles to the patient's showering.
- C. Walk her to the shower, and provide occasional reminders of what she should do next if she seems to be unsure or begins to repeat previous actions.
- D. Walk her to the shower, assist her to undress, start the water, supply the soap and washcloth, and instruct her to rub her face with the washcloth.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it provides the most direct and hands-on assistance to ensure completion of the shower. By walking her to the shower, assisting with undressing, starting the water, and providing necessary supplies and instructions, the patient is guided through each step of the showering process. This approach is essential for someone with significant apraxia and poor hygiene due to Alzheimer's disease.
Choice A is incorrect because simply reminding the patient every 30 minutes may not address the physical assistance needed for shower completion. Choice B is also incorrect as discussing the importance of showers may not be enough to overcome the challenges of apraxia and poor hygiene. Choice C is not as effective as choice D as occasional reminders may not provide the comprehensive assistance required for the patient to successfully complete the shower.
Which of the following behaviors is most consistent with bulimia nervosa?
- A. Severe food restriction and extreme weight loss.
- B. Binge eating followed by vomiting or use of laxatives.
- C. Excessive exercise and rigid dietary rules.
- D. Overeating and no attempts to control food intake.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Binge eating followed by vomiting or use of laxatives. This behavior is most consistent with bulimia nervosa as it involves recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors like self-induced vomiting or laxative use. This pattern of behavior is a key diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa.
A: Severe food restriction and extreme weight loss is more indicative of anorexia nervosa, not bulimia nervosa.
C: Excessive exercise and rigid dietary rules may be seen in various eating disorders, but it is not specific to bulimia nervosa.
D: Overeating without attempts to control food intake is more characteristic of binge eating disorder, not bulimia nervosa.
A 5-year-old boy is diagnosed in the Emergency Department as having measles, the first symptoms having started 2 days previously. He has a 2-year-old sister, who has received the recommended immunisation schedule. Which one of the following is the most appropriate treatment?
- A. Treat him symptomatically and send him home.
- B. Refer him to the infectious diseases hospital.
- C. Give him gamma globulin.
- D. Give gamma goblin to the sister.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Measles is managed symptomatically at home (A) unless complications arise. The vaccinated sister is protected, so hospitalization (B), gamma globulin (C, D), or premature reassurance (E) are unnecessary.
The daughter of an 84-year-old client with dementia tearfully tells the nurse that she doesn't know what's wrong with her mother, who has begun accusing the family of stealing her lingerie and holding her prisoner. The nurse assesses the client's stage of Alzheimer's disease as stage:
- A. 1
- B. 2
- C. 3
- D. 4
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B (stage 2) because the client is exhibiting symptoms of moderate Alzheimer's disease, such as paranoia and delusions. In stage 2, cognitive decline becomes more noticeable, leading to memory loss, confusion, and behavioral changes. The client's accusations and false beliefs indicate a decline in reality orientation, which is characteristic of stage 2. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because stage 1 is characterized by mild cognitive decline, stage 3 by severe cognitive decline, and stage 4 by very severe cognitive decline.
A drug causes muscarinic receptor blockade. The nurse will assess the patient for
- A. Dry mouth.
- B. Gynecomastia.
- C. Pseudoparkinsonism.
- D. Orthostatic hypotension.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dry mouth. Muscarinic receptor blockade inhibits the action of acetylcholine, leading to decreased salivary gland secretion and causing dry mouth. Gynecomastia (B) is associated with antiandrogen medications. Pseudoparkinsonism (C) is a side effect of antipsychotic medications that block dopamine receptors. Orthostatic hypotension (D) is a side effect of alpha-1 adrenergic receptor blockade.